fix: Validate asof join by args in IR resolving phase

[ritchie46]

fixes #13020

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 78.98%. Comparing base (8b3afb7) to head (8734b6a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #20473   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   78.98%   78.98%           
=======================================
  Files        1563     1563           
  Lines      220562   220572   +10     
  Branches     2490     2490           
=======================================
+ Hits       174206   174220   +14     
+ Misses      45783    45779    -4     
  Partials      573      573           

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