refactor: Add a TypeCheckRule to the optimizer

[coastalwhite]

This PR fixes #17391 by properly adding a TypeCheckRule to the ConversionOptimizer that will verify that filters have a Boolean datatype.

This already caught #20424.

In the future, this can be expanded to type check additional parts of the IR such as arithmetic operators.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.32258% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.02%. Comparing base (2ae01fb) to head (ea57c31).
Report is 10 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...polars-plan/src/plans/conversion/type_check/mod.rs	65.38%	9 Missing ⚠️
...s-plan/src/plans/optimizer/collapse_and_project.rs	83.33%	3 Missing ⚠️
...ates/polars-plan/src/plans/conversion/stack_opt.rs	88.23%	2 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-plan/src/plans/conversion/mod.rs	94.73%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #20425      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   78.98%   79.02%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files        1562     1563       +1     
  Lines      220103   220246     +143     
  Branches     2486     2488       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits       173855   174043     +188     
+ Misses      45675    45630      -45     
  Partials      573      573              

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