[SDK] Better control of threads executed by opentelemetry-cpp #10811

Job	Run time
CMake clang 18 (maintainer mode, async)	9m 21s
CMake clang 18 (maintainer mode, sync)	8m 43s
CMake gcc 14 (maintainer mode, async)	7m 18s
CMake gcc 14 (maintainer mode, sync)	6m 45s
CMake test (without otlp-exporter)	5m 6s
CMake test (with abseil)	4m 55s
CMake clang 18 (maintainer mode, abiv2)	8m 40s
CMake msvc (maintainer mode)	7m 11s
CMake msvc (maintainer mode) with C++20	8m 58s
CMake test (with opentracing-shim)	4m 42s
CMake C++14 test(GCC)	4m 26s
CMake C++17 test(GCC)	4m 58s
CMake C++20 test(Clang with libc++)	8m 45s
CMake C++20 test(GCC)	8m 27s
CMake test (without otlp-exporter and with async export)	5m 6s
Bazel asan config	22m 50s
Bazel without bzlmod	18m 57s
Bazel noexcept	15m 11s
Bazel nortti	20m 51s
Bazel	19m 31s
Bazel with async export	19m 54s
Bazel valgrind	22m 20s
CMake do not install test (with otlp-exporter)	14m 43s
CMake install test (with abseil)	4m 34s
CMake test (with modern protobuf,grpc and abseil)	21m 2s
CMake test (build shared libraries with otlp-exporter and static gRPC)	14m 38s
CMake test (with otlp-exporter)	14m 21s
CMake C++23 test(Clang with libc++)	8m 49s
CMake C++23 test(GCC)	10m 17s
Plugin -> CMake	1m 19s
Bazel on MacOS	11m 34s
Bazel tsan config	19m 23s
Benchmark	15m 15s
Code coverage	11m 49s
Copyright	7s
DocFX check	51s
Format	34s
markdown-lint	9s
misspell	4s
shellcheck	4s
W3C Distributed Tracing Validation V1	4m 9s
CMake -> exporter proto	12m 54s
Bazel Windows	31m 29s
Plugin -> CMake Windows	6m 42s
CMake (With async export) -> exporter proto	12m 30s
CMake -> exporter proto (Build as DLL)	25m 58s
	8h 6m 10s

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