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Let's be scanned. A low-interaction honeypot focused on network scanners and bots. It integrates very well with IVRE to build a self-hosted alternative to GreyNoise.

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Build masscanned

Masscanned

Masscanned (name inspired, of course, by masscan) is a network responder. Its purpose is to provide generic answers to as many protocols as possible, and with as few assumptions as possible on the client's intentions.

Let them talk first.

Just like masscan, masscanned implements its own, userland network stack, similarly to honeyd. It is designed to interact with scanners and opportunistic bots as far as possible, and to support as many protocols as possible.

For example, when it receives network packets:

  • masscanned answers to ARP who is-at with ARP is-at (for its IP addresses),
  • masscanned answers to ICMP Echo Request with ICMP Echo Reply,
  • masscanned answers to TCP SYN (any port) with TCP SYN/ACK on any port,
  • masscanned answers to HTTP requests (any verb) over TCP/UDP (any port) with a HTTP 401 web page.

demo

Overview

Masscanned currently supports most common protocols at layers 2-3-4, and a few application protocols.

Network protocols

  • ARP (answers to ARP requests)
  • ICMP (answers to ping)
  • ICMPv6 (answers to ND NS)
  • TCP (answers to SYN and PUSH)

Application protocols

  • HTTP (answers to all verbs)
  • SSH (answers to the client banner)
  • STUN (answers to binding requests)
  • SMB
  • DNS (answers to IN/A queries)

Try it locally

On your host

  1. Build masscanned
$ cargo build
  1. Create a new net namespace
# ip netns add masscanned
  1. Create veth between the two namespaces
# ip link add vethmasscanned type veth peer veth netns masscanned
# ip link set vethmasscanned up
# ip -n masscanned link set veth up
  1. Set IP on local veth to have a route for outgoing packets
# ip addr add dev vethmasscanned 192.168.0.0/31
  1. Run masscanned in the namespace
# ip netns exec masscanned ./target/debug/masscanned --iface veth -v[vv]
  1. With another terminal, send packets to masscanned
# arping 192.168.0.1
# ping 192.168.0.1
# nc -n -v 192.168.0.1 80
# nc -n -v -u 192.168.0.1 80
...

In a Docker

  1. Install docker:
# apt install docker.io
  1. Build docker container:
$ cd masscanned/docker && docker build -t masscanned:test .
  1. Run docker container:
$ docker run --cap-add=NET_ADMIN masscanned:test
  1. Send packets to masscanned
# arping 172.17.0.2
# ping 172.17.0.2
# nc -n -v 172.17.0.2 80
# nc -n -v -u 172.17.0.2 80
...

Use it

A good use of masscanned is to deploy it on a VPS with one or more public IP addresses.

To use the results, the best way is to capture all network traffic on the interface masscanned is listening to/responding on. The pcaps can then be analyzed using zeek and the output files can typically be pushed in an instance of IVRE.

A documentation on how to deploy an instance of masscanned on a VPS is coming (see Issue #2).

Supported options

Network answering machine for various network protocols (L2-L3-L4 + applications)

Usage: masscanned [OPTIONS] --iface <iface>

Options:
  -i, --iface <iface>
          the interface to use for receiving/sending packets
  -m, --mac-addr <mac>
          MAC address to use in the response packets
      --self-ip-file <selfipfile>
          File with the list of IP addresses handled by masscanned
      --self-ip-list <selfiplist>
          Inline list of IP addresses handled by masscanned, comma-separated
      --remote-ip-deny-file <remoteipdenyfile>
          File with the list of IP addresses from which masscanned will ignore packets
      --remote-ip-deny-list <remoteipdenylist>
          Inline list of IP addresses from which masscanned will ignore packets
  -v...
          Increase message verbosity
  -q, --quiet
          Quiet mode: do not output anything on stdout
      --format <format>
          Format in which to output logs [default: console] [possible values: console, logfmt]
  -h, --help
          Print help information
  -V, --version
          Print version information

Supported protocols - details

Layer 2

ARP

masscanned answers to ARP requests, for requests that target an IPv4 address that is handled by masscanned (i.e., an address that is in the IP address file given with option -f).

The answer contains the first of the following possible MAC addresses:

  • the MAC address specified with -a in command line if any,
  • the MAC address of the interface specified with -i in command line if any,
  • or the masscanned default MAC address, i.e., c0:ff:ee:c0:ff:ee.

Ethernet

masscanned answers to Ethernet frames, if and only if the following requirements are met:

  • the destination address of the frame should be handled by masscanned, which means:

    • masscanned own MAC address,
    • the broadcast MAC address ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff,
    • a multicast MAC address corresponding to one of the IPv4 addresses handled by masscanned (RFC 1112),
    • a multicast MAC address corresponding to one of the IPv6 addresses handled by masscanned ;

  • EtherType field is one of ARP, IPv4 or IPv6.

Note: even for a non-multicast IP address, masscanned will respond to L2 frames addressed to the corresponding multicast MAC address. For instance, if masscanned handles 10.11.12.13, it will answer to frames addressed to 01:00:5e:0b:0c:0d.

Layer 3

IPv4/IPv6

masscanned answers to IPv4 and IPv6 packets, only if:

  • no IP address is specified in a file (i.e., no -f option is specified or the file is empty),

or

  • the destination IP address of the incoming packet is one of the IP addresses handled by masscanned.

An additionnal requirement is that the next layer protocol is supported - see below.

IPv4

The following L3+/4 protocols are supported for an IPv4 packet:

  • ICMPv4
  • UDP
  • TCP

If the next layer protocol is not one of them, the packet is dropped.

IPv6

The following L3+/4 protocols are supported for an IPv6 packet:

  • ICMPv6
  • UDP
  • TCP

If the next layer protocol is not one of them, the packet is dropped.

Layer 3+/4

ICMPv4

masscanned answers to ICMPv4 packets if and only if:

  • the ICMP type of the incoming packet is EchoRequest (8),
  • the ICMP code of the incoming packet is 0.

If these conditions are met, masscanned answers with an ICMP packet of type EchoReply (0), code 0 and the same payload as the incoming packet, as specified by RFC 792.

ICMPv6

masscanned answers to ICMPv6 packets if and only if:

  • the ICMP type is NeighborSol (135) and:
    • no IP (v4 or v6) was speficied for masscanned
    • or the target address of the Neighbor Solicitation is one of masscanned

In that case, the answer is a Neighbor Advertisement (136) packet with masscanned MAC address

or

  • the ICMP type is EchoRequest (128)

In that case, the answer is a EchoReply (129) packet.

TCP

masscanned answers to the following TCP packets:

  • if the received packet has flags PSH and ACK, masscanned checks the SYNACK-cookie, and if valid answers at least a ACK, or a PSH-ACK if a supported protocol (Layer 5/6/7) has been detected,
  • if the received packet has flag ACK, it is ignored,
  • if the received packet has flag RST or FIN-ACK, it is ignored,
  • if the received packet has flag SYN, then masscanned tries to imitate the behaviour of a standard Linux stack - which is:
    • if there are additional flags that are not among PSH, URG, CWR, ECE, then the SYN is ignored,
    • if the flags CWR andECE are simultaneously set, then the SYN is ignored,
    • in any other case, masscanned answers with a SYN-ACK packet, setting a SYNACK-cookie in the sequence number.

UDP

masscanned answers to an UDP packet if and only if the upper-layer protocol is handled and provides an answer.

Application protocols

HTTP

masscanned answers to any HTTP request (any valid verb) with a 401 Authorization Required. Note that HTTP requests with an invalid verb will not be answered.

Example:

$ curl -X GET 10.11.10.129
<html>
<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.2</center>
</body>
</html>
$ curl -X OPTIONS 10.11.10.129
<html>
<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.2</center>
</body>
</html>
$ curl -X HEAD 10.11.10.129
Warning: Setting custom HTTP method to HEAD with -X/--request may not work the 
Warning: way you want. Consider using -I/--head instead.
<html>
<head><title>401 Authorization Required</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>401 Authorization Required</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.2</center>
</body>
</html>
$ curl -X XXX 10.11.10.129
[timeout]

STUN

Example:

$ stun 10.11.10.129
STUN client version 0.97
Primary: Open
Return value is 0x000001

SSH

masscanned answers to SSH Client: Protocol messages with the following Server: Protocol message:

SSH-2.0-1\r\n

SMB

masscanned answers to Negotiate Protocol Request packets in order for the client to send a NTLMSSP_NEGOTIATE, to which masscanned answers with a challenge.

Example:

##$ smbclient -U user \\\\10.11.10.129\\shared
Enter WORKGROUP\user's password:

DNS

masscanned answers to DNS queries of class IN and type A (for now). The answer it provides always contains the IP address the query was sent to.

Example:

$ host -t A masscan.ned 10.11.10.129
Using domain server:
Name: 10.11.10.129
Address: 10.11.10.129#53
Aliases: 

masscan.ned has address 10.11.10.129
$ host -t A masscan.ned 10.11.10.130
Using domain server:
Name: 10.11.10.130
Address: 10.11.10.130#53
Aliases: 

masscan.ned has address 10.11.10.130
$ host -t A masscan.ned 10.11.10.131
Using domain server:
Name: 10.11.10.131
Address: 10.11.10.131#53
Aliases: 

masscan.ned has address 10.11.10.131
$ host -t A masscan.ned 10.11.10.132
Using domain server:
Name: 10.11.10.132
Address: 10.11.10.132#53
Aliases: 

masscan.ned has address 10.11.10.132

Internals

Tests

Unit tests

$ cargo test
   Compiling masscanned v0.2.0 (/zdata/workdir/masscanned)
    Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 3.83s
     Running unittests (target/debug/deps/masscanned-f9292f8600038978)

running 92 tests
test client::client_info::tests::test_client_info_eq ... ok
test layer_2::arp::tests::test_arp_reply ... ok
test layer_2::tests::test_eth_empty ... ok
test layer_2::tests::test_eth_reply ... ok
test layer_3::ipv4::tests::test_ipv4_reply ... ok
test layer_3::ipv4::tests::test_ipv4_empty ... ok
test layer_3::ipv6::tests::test_ipv6_empty ... ok
test layer_3::ipv6::tests::test_ipv6_reply ... ok
test layer_4::icmpv4::tests::test_icmpv4_reply ... ok
test layer_4::icmpv6::tests::test_icmpv6_reply ... ok
test layer_4::icmpv6::tests::test_nd_na_reply ... ok
test layer_4::tcp::tests::test_synack_cookie_ipv6 ... ok
test layer_4::tcp::tests::test_tcp_fin_ack_wrap ... ok
test proto::dns::cst::tests::class_parse ... ok
test layer_4::tcp::tests::test_tcp_fin_ack ... ok
test layer_4::tcp::tests::test_synack_cookie_ipv4 ... ok
test proto::dns::cst::tests::type_parse ... ok
test proto::dns::header::tests::parse_byte_by_byte ... ok
test proto::dns::header::tests::repl_id ... ok
test proto::dns::header::tests::repl_opcode ... ok
test proto::dns::header::tests::repl_ancount ... ok
test proto::dns::header::tests::repl_rd ... ok
test proto::dns::query::tests::parse_in_a_all ... ok
test proto::dns::header::tests::parse_all ... ok
test proto::dns::query::tests::repl ... ok
test proto::dns::query::tests::reply_in_a ... ok
test proto::dns::rr::tests::parse_all ... ok
test proto::dns::rr::tests::parse_byte_by_byte ... ok
test proto::dns::query::tests::parse_in_a_byte_by_byte ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::parse_qd_all ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::parse_qd_byte_by_byte ... ok
test proto::dns::rr::tests::build ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::parse_qd_rr_all ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::parse_qr_rr_byte_by_byte ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::parse_rr_byte_by_byte ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::parse_rr_all ... ok
test proto::dns::tests::reply_in_a ... ok
test proto::http::tests::test_http_request_line ... ok
test proto::http::tests::test_http_request_no_field ... ok
test proto::http::tests::test_http_request_field ... ok
test proto::http::tests::test_http_verb ... ok
test proto::rpc::tests::test_probe_nmap ... ok
test proto::rpc::tests::test_probe_nmap_split1 ... ok
test proto::rpc::tests::test_probe_portmap_v4_dump ... ok
test proto::rpc::tests::test_probe_nmap_split2 ... ok
test proto::rpc::tests::test_probe_nmap_udp ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb1_session_setup_request_parse ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb1_protocol_nego_parsing ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb1_protocol_nego_reply ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb1_session_setup_request_reply ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb2_protocol_nego_parsing ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb2_protocol_nego_reply ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb2_session_setup_request_reply ... ok
test proto::smb::tests::test_smb2_session_setup_request_parse ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_1_banner_cr ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_1_banner_crlf ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_1_banner_lf ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_1_banner_space ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_2_banner_cr ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_1_banner_parse ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_2_banner_parse ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_2_banner_lf ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_2_banner_crlf ... ok
test proto::stun::tests::test_change_request_port_overflow ... ok
test proto::stun::tests::test_proto_stun_ipv4 ... ok
test proto::stun::tests::test_change_request_port ... ok
test proto::ssh::tests::ssh_2_banner_space ... ok
test proto::stun::tests::test_proto_stun_ipv6 ... ok
test proto::tcb::tests::test_proto_tcb_proto_state_http ... ok
test proto::tests::dispatch_dns ... ok
test proto::tcb::tests::test_proto_tcb_proto_state_rpc ... ok
test proto::tcb::tests::test_proto_tcb_proto_id ... ok
test proto::tests::test_proto_dispatch_http ... ok
test proto::tests::test_proto_dispatch_ssh ... ok
test proto::tests::test_proto_dispatch_ghost ... ok
test proto::tests::test_proto_dispatch_stun ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_anchor_end ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_multiple_matches_wildcard ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_multiple_matches ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_anchor_begin ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_http_banner ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_clientinfo ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_ip4 ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_ip4_dst ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_ip4_src ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_ip6 ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_key ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_tcp_dst ... ok
test synackcookie::tests::test_tcp_src ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_wildcard ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_proto ... ok
test smack::smack::tests::test_pattern ... ok

test result: ok. 92 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.41s

Functional tests

# ./test/test_masscanned.py
INFO    test_arp_req......................................OK
INFO    test_arp_req_other_ip.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_dns_in_a............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_dns_in_a_multiple_queries...........OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_ghost...............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_http................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_http_segmented......................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_http_incomplete.....................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_tcp_http................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_http................................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_udp_http................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_http_ko.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_http_ko.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_tcp_http_ko.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_udp_http_ko.............................OK
INFO    test_icmpv4_echo_req..............................OK
INFO    test_icmpv6_neighbor_solicitation.................OK
INFO    test_icmpv6_neighbor_solicitation_other_ip........OK
INFO    test_icmpv6_echo_req..............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_req.....................................OK
INFO    test_eth_req_other_mac............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_req_other_ip............................OK
INFO    test_rpc_nmap.....................................OK
INFO    test_rpcinfo......................................OK
INFO    test_smb1_network_req.............................OK
INFO    test_smb2_network_req.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_ssh.................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_ssh.................................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_tcp_ssh.................................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_udp_ssh.................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_stun................................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_udp_stun................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_stun_change_port....................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_udp_stun_change_port....................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_empty...............................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_tcp_empty...............................OK
INFO    test_tcp_syn......................................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_tcp_psh_ack.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_tcp_psh_ack.............................OK
INFO    test_ipv4_udp_empty...............................OK
INFO    test_ipv6_udp_empty...............................OK
INFO    Ran 41 tests with 0 errors

You can also chose what tests to run using the TESTS environment variable

TESTS=smb ./test/test_masscanned.py
INFO    test_smb1_network_req.............................OK
INFO    test_smb2_network_req.............................OK
INFO    Ran 2 tests with 0 errors

Logging

Console Logger

Verbs:

  • init
  • recv
  • send
  • drop

ARP

$ts arp $verb   $operation $client_mac $client_ip  $masscanned_mac $masscanned_ip

Ethernet

$ts eth $verb   $ethertype  $client_mac $masscanned_mac

To Do

  • Drop incoming packets if checksum is incorrect
  • Fix source address when answering to multicast packets.

About

Let's be scanned. A low-interaction honeypot focused on network scanners and bots. It integrates very well with IVRE to build a self-hosted alternative to GreyNoise.

Topics

security networking tcp ipv6 network udp honeypot ipv4 network-monitoring hacktoberfest network-security low-interaction-honeypot low-interaction ivre

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Readme

License

GPL-3.0 license
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v0.2.0 Latest
Dec 8, 2021

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