[BEEEP] [PM-2844] Add custom error codes for server API exceptions

[r-tome]

Type of change

- [ ] Bug fix
- [ ] New feature development
- [X] Tech debt (refactoring, code cleanup, dependency upgrades, etc)
- [ ] Build/deploy pipeline (DevOps)
- [ ] Other

Objective

This PR introduces centralized error management by creating a class with constant strings for expected exception error codes. It replaces hardcoded error messages with these error code constants, improving maintainability and consistency. Additionally, a resource file maps the error codes to their corresponding messages for easier localization and customization.

Code changes

• file.ext: Description of what was changed and why

Before you submit

• Please check for formatting errors (dotnet format --verify-no-changes) (required)
• If making database changes - make sure you also update Entity Framework queries and/or migrations
• Please add unit tests where it makes sense to do so (encouraged but not required)
• If this change requires a documentation update - notify the documentation team
• If this change has particular deployment requirements - notify the DevOps team

[bitwarden-bot]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 593e20ed-b4aa-4dfb-8275-fe32b37c6fed

Fixed Issues

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package
	CSRF	/src/Api/Vault/Controllers/SyncController.cs: 69