URLS

  http://rubyforge.org/projects/codeforpeople/
  http://codeforpeople.com/lib/ruby/

SYNOPSIS

  lib/lockfile.rb : a ruby library for creating perfect and NFS safe lockfiles
  
  bin/rlock : ruby command line tool which uses this library to create lockfiles
              and to run arbitrary commands while holding them. 

              for example

                rlock lockfile -- cp -r huge/ huge.bak/
              
              run 'rlock -h' for more info

INSTALL

  sudo ruby install.rb


BASIC ALGORITHIM

  * create a globally uniq filename in the same filesystem as the desired
    lockfile - this can be nfs mounted

  * link(2) this file to the desired lockfile, ignore all errors

  * stat the uniq filename and desired lockfile to determine is they are the
    same, use only stat.rdev and stat.ino - ignore stat.nlink as NFS can cause
    this report incorrect values 

  * iff same, you have lock.  either return or run optional code block with
    optional refresher thread keeping lockfile fresh during execution of code
    block, ensuring that the lockfile is removed..

  * iff not same try again a few times in rapid succession (poll), then, iff
    this fails, sleep using incremental backoff time.  optionally remove
    lockfile if it is older than a certain time, timeout if more than a certain
    amount of time has passed attempting to lock file.


BASIC USAGE

  1)
    lockfile = Lockfile.new 'file.lock'
    begin
      lockfile.lock
      p 42
    ensure
      lockfile.unlock
    end


  2)
    require 'pstore'           # which is NOT nfs safe on it's own

    opts = {                    # the keys can be symbols or strings

      :retries        => nil,   # we will try forever to aquire the lock

      :sleep_inc      => 2,     # we will sleep 2 seconds longer than the
                                # previous sleep after each retry, cycling from
                                # min_sleep upto max_sleep downto min_sleep upto
                                # max_sleep, etc., etc.

      :min_sleep      => 2,     # we will never sleep less than 2 seconds

      :max_sleep      => 32,    # we will never sleep longer than 32 seconds

      :max_age        => 3600,  # we will blow away any files found to be older
                                # than this (lockfile.thief? #=> true)

      :suspend        => 1800,  # iff we steal the lock from someone else - wait
                                # this long to give them a chance to realize it

      :refresh        => 8,     # we will spawn a bg thread that touches file
                                # every 8 sec.  this thread also causes a
                                # StolenLockError to be thrown if the lock
                                # disappears from under us - note that the
                                # 'detection' rate is limited to the refresh
                                # interval - this is a race condition

      :timeout        => nil,   # we will wait forever 

      :poll_retries   => 16,    # the initial attempt to grab a lock is done in a
                                # polling fashion, this number controls how many
                                # times this is done - the total polling attempts
                                # are considered ONE actual attempt (see retries
                                # above)

      :poll_max_sleep => 0.08,  # when polling a very brief sleep is issued
                                # between attempts, this is the upper limit of
                                # that sleep timeout 

      :dont_clean     => false, # normally a finalizer is defined to clean up
                                # after lockfiles, settin this to true prevents this 

      :dont_sweep     => false, # normally locking causes a sweep to be made.  a
                                # sweep removes any old tmp files created by
                                # processes of this host only which are no
                                # longer alive

      :debug => true,           # trace execution step on stdout
    }

    pstore = PStore.new 'file.db'
    lockfile = Lockfile.new 'file.db.lock', opts 
    lockfile.lock do
      pstore.transaction do
        pstore[:last_update_time] = Time.now
      end
    end

  3) same as 1 above - Lockfile.new takes a block and ensures unlock is called 

    Lockfile.new('file.lock') do
      p 42
    end

  4) watch locking algorithim in action (debugging only)

      Lockfile.debug = true
      Lockfile.new('file.lock') do
        p 42
      end

    you can also set debugging via the ENV var LOCKFILE_DEBUG, eg.

    ~ > LOCKFILE_DEBUG=true rlock lockfile

  5) simplified interface : no lockfile object required

      Lockfile('lock', :retries => 0) do
        puts 'only one instance running!'
      end


SAMPLES

  * see samples/a.rb
  * see samples/nfsstore.rb
  * see samples/lock.sh
  * see bin/rlock

AUTHOR

  Ara T. Howard

EMAIL

  [email protected]

BUGS

  bugno > 1 && bugno < 42

HISTORY
  2.0.0:
    - lock fires up a refresher thread when called without a block

  1.4.3:
    - fixed a small non-critical bug in the require gaurd

  1.4.2:
    - upped defaults for max_age to 3600 and suspend to 1800.
    - tweaked a few things to play nice with rubygems

  1.4.1:
    - Mike Kasick <[email protected]> reported a bug whereby false/nil
      values for options were ignored.  patched to address this bug
    - added Lockfile method for high level interface sans lockfile object
    - updated rlock program to allow nil/true/false values passed on command
      line.  eg

        rlock --max_age=nil lockfile -- date --iso-8601=seconds

  1.4.0:
    - gem'd up
    - added Lockfile::create method which atomically creates a file and opens
      it: 

        Lockfile::create("atomic_even_on_nfs", "r+") do |f|
          f.puts 42
        end

      arguments are the same as those for File::open.  note that there is no way
      to accomplish this otherwise since File::O_EXCL fails silently on nfs,
      flock does not work on nfs, and posixlock (see raa) can only lock a file
      after it is open so the open itself is still a race.

  1.3.0:
    - added sweep functionality.  hosts can clean up any tmp files left around
      by other processes that may have been killed using -9 to prevent proper
      clean up.  it is only possible to clean up after processes on the same
      host as there is no other way to determine if the process that created the
      file is alive.  in summary - hosts clean up after other processes on that
      same host if needed.
    - added attempt/try_again methods
  1.2.0:
    - fixed bug where stale locks not removed when retries == 0
  1.1.0
    - unfortunately i've forgotten
  1.0.1:
    - fixed bugette in sleep cycle where repeated locks with same lockfile would
      not reset the cycle at the start of each lock
  1.0.0:
    - allow rertries to be nil, meaning to try forever
    - default timeout is now nil - never timeout
    - default refresh is now 8
    - fixed bug where refresher thread was not actually touching lockfile! (ouch)
    - added cycle method to timeouts
        1-2-3-2-1-2-3-1...
      pattern is constructed using min_sleep, sleep_inc, max_sleep
  0.3.0:
    - removed use of yaml in favour of hand parsing the lockfile contents, the
      file as so small it just wasn't worth and i have had one core dump when yaml
      failed to parse a (corrupt) file
  0.2.0:
    - added an initial polling style attempt to grab lock before entering normal
      sleep/retry loop.  this has really helped performance when lock is under
      heavy contention: i see almost no sleeping done by any of in the interested
      processes
  0.1.0:
    - added ability of Lockfile.new to accept a block
  0.0.0:
    - initial version