feat: enhance API with Printf functionality and examples

[crStiv]

Description

This pull request introduces the following changes to the frontend package:

• Added a Printf function: Provides formatted output capabilities for debugging and better insight during computations.
• Updated API and Compiler interfaces: Added new methods to handle variable and coefficient ID retrieval.
• Examples: Added a new PrintfExample function demonstrating various use cases of the Printf functionality.
• Tests: Implemented unit tests in api_test.go to validate the new Printf function, including edge cases and format variations.

Fixes #1239

Type of Change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Unit Tests: Validated the correctness of Printf in api_test.go.
• Example Execution: Ensured PrintfExample works as expected.

Benchmarking

• Benchmark results will be provided in a subsequent update.

Checklist:

• Performed self-review of code.
• Commented code where necessary.
• Updated relevant documentation.
• Verified unit tests pass locally.
• Ensured changes do not introduce breaking changes.
• Validated golangci-lint does not produce errors locally.

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Allow edits by maintainers for further improvements.