minimatch

A minimal matching utility.

This is the matching library used internally by npm.

It works by converting glob expressions into JavaScript RegExp objects.

Usage

var minimatch = require("minimatch")

minimatch("bar.foo", "*.foo") // true!
minimatch("bar.foo", "*.bar") // false!
minimatch("bar.foo", "*.+(bar|foo)", { debug: true }) // true, and noisy!

Features

Supports these glob features:

• Brace Expansion
• Extended glob matching
• "Globstar" ** matching

See:

• man sh
• man bash
• man 3 fnmatch
• man 5 gitignore

Windows

Please only use forward-slashes in glob expressions.

Though windows uses either / or \ as its path separator, only / characters are used by this glob implementation. You must use forward-slashes only in glob expressions. Back-slashes in patterns will always be interpreted as escape characters, not path separators.

Note that \ or / will be interpreted as path separators in paths on Windows, and will match against / in glob expressions.

So just always use / in patterns.

Minimatch Class

Create a minimatch object by instantiating the minimatch.Minimatch class.

var Minimatch = require("minimatch").Minimatch
var mm = new Minimatch(pattern, options)

Properties

• pattern The original pattern the minimatch object represents.

• options The options supplied to the constructor.

• set A 2-dimensional array of regexp or string expressions. Each row in the array corresponds to a brace-expanded pattern. Each item in the row corresponds to a single path-part. For example, the pattern {a,b/c}/d would expand to a set of patterns like:

    [ [ a, d ]
    , [ b, c, d ] ]
  

  If a portion of the pattern doesn't have any "magic" in it (that is, it's something like "foo" rather than fo*o?), then it will be left as a string rather than converted to a regular expression.

• regexp Created by the makeRe method. A single regular expression expressing the entire pattern. This is useful in cases where you wish to use the pattern somewhat like fnmatch(3) with FNM_PATH enabled.

• negate True if the pattern is negated.

• comment True if the pattern is a comment.

• empty True if the pattern is "".

Methods

• makeRe Generate the regexp member if necessary, and return it. Will return false if the pattern is invalid.
• match(fname) Return true if the filename matches the pattern, or false otherwise.
• matchOne(fileArray, patternArray, partial) Take a /-split filename, and match it against a single row in the regExpSet. This method is mainly for internal use, but is exposed so that it can be used by a glob-walker that needs to avoid excessive filesystem calls.

All other methods are internal, and will be called as necessary.

minimatch(path, pattern, options)

Main export. Tests a path against the pattern using the options.

var isJS = minimatch(file, "*.js", { matchBase: true })

minimatch.filter(pattern, options)

Returns a function that tests its supplied argument, suitable for use with Array.filter. Example:

var javascripts = fileList.filter(minimatch.filter("*.js", {matchBase: true}))

minimatch.match(list, pattern, options)

Match against the list of files, in the style of fnmatch or glob. If nothing is matched, and options.nonull is set, then return a list containing the pattern itself.

var javascripts = minimatch.match(fileList, "*.js", {matchBase: true}))

minimatch.makeRe(pattern, options)

Make a regular expression object from the pattern.

Options

All options are false by default.

debug

Dump a ton of stuff to stderr.

nobrace

Do not expand {a,b} and {1..3} brace sets.

noglobstar

Disable ** matching against multiple folder names.

dot

Allow patterns to match filenames starting with a period, even if the pattern does not explicitly have a period in that spot.

Note that by default, a/**/b will not match a/.d/b, unless dot is set.

noext

Disable "extglob" style patterns like +(a|b).

nocase

Perform a case-insensitive match.

nonull

When a match is not found by minimatch.match, return a list containing the pattern itself if this option is set. When not set, an empty list is returned if there are no matches.

matchBase

If set, then patterns without slashes will be matched against the basename of the path if it contains slashes. For example, a?b would match the path /xyz/123/acb, but not /xyz/acb/123.

nocomment

Suppress the behavior of treating # at the start of a pattern as a comment.

nonegate

Suppress the behavior of treating a leading ! character as negation.

flipNegate

Returns from negate expressions the same as if they were not negated. (Ie, true on a hit, false on a miss.)

partial

Compare a partial path to a pattern. As long as the parts of the path that are present are not contradicted by the pattern, it will be treated as a match. This is useful in applications where you're walking through a folder structure, and don't yet have the full path, but want to ensure that you do not walk down paths that can never be a match.

For example,

minimatch('/a/b', '/a/*/c/d', { partial: true })  // true, might be /a/b/c/d
minimatch('/a/b', '/**/d', { partial: true })     // true, might be /a/b/.../d
minimatch('/x/y/z', '/a/**/z', { partial: true }) // false, because x !== a

Comparisons to other fnmatch/glob implementations

While strict compliance with the existing standards is a worthwhile goal, some discrepancies exist between minimatch and other implementations, and are intentional.

If the pattern starts with a ! character, then it is negated. Set the nonegate flag to suppress this behavior, and treat leading ! characters normally. This is perhaps relevant if you wish to start the pattern with a negative extglob pattern like !(a|B). Multiple ! characters at the start of a pattern will negate the pattern multiple times.

If a pattern starts with #, then it is treated as a comment, and will not match anything. Use \# to match a literal # at the start of a line, or set the nocomment flag to suppress this behavior.

The double-star character ** is supported by default, unless the noglobstar flag is set. This is supported in the manner of bsdglob and bash 4.1, where ** only has special significance if it is the only thing in a path part. That is, a/**/b will match a/x/y/b, but a/**b will not.

If an escaped pattern has no matches, and the nonull flag is set, then minimatch.match returns the pattern as-provided, rather than interpreting the character escapes. For example, minimatch.match([], "\\*a\\?") will return "\\*a\\?" rather than "*a?". This is akin to setting the nullglob option in bash, except that it does not resolve escaped pattern characters.

If brace expansion is not disabled, then it is performed before any other interpretation of the glob pattern. Thus, a pattern like +(a|{b),c)}, which would not be valid in bash or zsh, is expanded first into the set of +(a|b) and +(a|c), and those patterns are checked for validity. Since those two are valid, matching proceeds.

Note that fnmatch(3) in libc is an extremely naive string comparison matcher, which does not do anything special for slashes. This library is designed to be used in glob searching and file walkers, and so it does do special things with /. Thus, foo* will not match foo/bar in this library, even though it would in fnmatch(3).