4_level_gray_4bpp_BMP_converter.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys

"""

Sample BMP header structure, total = 70 bytes
!!! little-endian !!!

Bitmap file header 14 bytes
42 4D          "BM"
C6 A9 03 00    FileSize = 240,070       <= dynamic value
00 00          Reserved
00 00          Reserved
46 00 00 00    Offset = 70 = 14+56

DIB header (bitmap information header)
BITMAPV3INFOHEADER 56 bytes
28 00 00 00    Size = 40
20 03 00 00    Width = 800              <= dynamic value
58 02 00 00    Height = 600             <= dynamic value
01 00          Planes = 1
04 00          BitCount = 4
00 00 00 00    compression
00 00 00 00    SizeImage
00 00 00 00    XPerlPerMeter
00 00 00 00    YPerlPerMeter
04 00 00 00    Colours used = 4
00 00 00 00    ColorImportant
00 00 00 00    Colour definition index 0
55 55 55 00    Colour definition index 1
AA AA AA 00    Colour definition index 2
FF FF FF 00    Colour definition index 3

"""

# to insert File Size, Width and Height with hex strings in order
BMP_HEADER = "42 4D %s 00 00 00 00 46 00 00 00 28 00 00 00 %s %s 01 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 55 55 00 AA AA AA 00 FF FF FF 00"
BMP_HEADER_SIZE = 70
BPP = 4
BYTE = 8
ALIGNMENT = 4 # bytes per row

DIMENTIONS = 1
PIXELS = 3

BLACK     = "0"
DARK_GRAY = "1"
GRAY      = "2"
WHITE     = "3"

# sample data:
# ['P5\n', '610 590\n', '255\n', '<1 byte per pixel for 4 levels of gray>']
# where item 1 is always P5, item 2 is width heigh, item 3 is always 255, items 4 is pixels/colours
data = sys.stdin.readlines()
width,height = [int(x) for x in data[DIMENTIONS].strip().split(' ')]

if not width*height == len(data[PIXELS]):
    sys.stderr.write("Error: pixel data (%d bytes) and image size (%dx%d pixels) do not match" % (len(data[PIXELS]),width,height))
    sys.exit()

colours = [] # enumerate 4 gray levels
for p in data[PIXELS]:
    if not p in colours:
        colours.append(p)
        if len(colours) == 4:
            break

# it's possible for the converted pixels to have less than 4 gray levels

colours.sort() # sort from low to high

# map each colour to e-paper gray indexes
# creates hex string of pixels
# e.g. "0033322222110200....", which is 4 level gray with 4bpp

if   len(colours) == 1: # unlikely, but let's have this case here
    pixels = data[PIXELS].replace(colours[0],BLACK)
elif len(colours) == 2: # black & white
    pixels = data[PIXELS].replace(colours[0],BLACK)\
                         .replace(colours[1],WHITE)
elif len(colours) == 3:
    pixels = data[PIXELS].replace(colours[0],DARK_GRAY)\
                         .replace(colours[1],GRAY)\
                         .replace(colours[2],WHITE)
else: # 4 grays as expected
    pixels = data[PIXELS].replace(colours[0],BLACK)\
                         .replace(colours[1],DARK_GRAY)\
                         .replace(colours[2],GRAY)\
                         .replace(colours[3],WHITE)

# BMP pixel array starts from last row to first row
# and must be aligned to 4 bytes or 8 pixels
padding = ''
if width%((BYTE/BPP)*ALIGNMENT):
    padding = "F"*((BYTE/BPP)*ALIGNMENT-width%((BYTE/BPP)*ALIGNMENT))

aligned_pixels = ''.join([pixels[i:i+width]+padding for i in range(0, len(pixels), width)][::-1])

# convert hex string to represented byte values
def Hex2Bytes(hexStr):
    hexStr = ''.join(hexStr.split(" "))
    bytes = []
    for i in range(0, len(hexStr), 2):
        byte = int(hexStr[i:i+2],16)
        bytes.append(chr(byte))
    return ''.join(bytes)

# convert integer to 4-byte little endian hex string
# e.g. 800 => 0x320 => 00000320 (big-endian) =>20030000 (little-endian)
def i2LeHexStr(i):
    be_hex = ('0000000'+hex(i)[2:])[-8:]
    n = 2 # split every 2 letters
    return ''.join([be_hex[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(be_hex), n)][::-1])

BMP_HEADER = BMP_HEADER % (i2LeHexStr(len(aligned_pixels)/(BYTE/BPP)+BMP_HEADER_SIZE),i2LeHexStr(width),i2LeHexStr(height))

sys.stdout.write(Hex2Bytes(BMP_HEADER+aligned_pixels))