python-version-cheat-sheet

about the what and when of new python features

overview

python 3.0

introduction of extended iterable unpacking which enables e.g. a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] so b becomes [2, 3, 4] (PEP 3132)

python 3.3

introduction of yield from (PEP380)

python 3.4

introduction of pathlib (PEP 428)

python 3.5

introduction of type annotations (PEP 484)
ATTENTION: you cannot use type annotations for variables yet; instead use type comments
introduction of additional unpacking generalizations (PEP 448)

python 3.6

introduction of type annotations for variables (PEP 526)
f-strings (PEP 498)
introduction of underscores in numeric literals, e.g. 1_000 (PEP 515)

python 3.7

postponed evaluation of annotations via from __future__ import annotations (PEP 563)
sort order of dicts is now guaranteed
introduction of breakpoint(), additionally to import pdb;pdb.set_trace() (PEP 553)
introduction of data classes (PEP 557)

python 3.8

introduction of the walrus operator (PEP 572)

python 3.9

builtin generic types, that means you can use list and dict for type annotations, instead of importing e.g. from typing import List (PEP 585)

python 3.10

allow writing union types as X | Y (PEP 604)
introduction of structural pattern matching, which is a kind of switch/case on steroids (PEP 622)

python 3.11

exception groups and except*, a new standard to raise and handle multiple unrelated exceptions simultaneously (PEP654)
support for parsing TOML in the standard library via tomllib (PEP 680)

official changelog

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official changelog

contributing

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