Coming from primarily being exposed to the US American alphabet, I'm familiar
with characters that I type into the computer having one of two cases. Either
it is lowercase by default (c) or I can hit the shift key to produce the
uppercase version (C).
Unicode, which has broad support for character encoding across most languages, has a couple characters that are called digraphs. These are single code points, but look like they are made up of two characters.
A good example of this is dž. And if that character were to appear in an all
uppercase word, then it would display as DŽ.
But what if it appears at the beginning of a capitalized word?
That's where titlecase comes into the picture -- Dž.
From wikipedia:
Note that when the letter is the initial of a capitalised word (like Džungla or Džemper, or personal names like Džemal or Džamonja), the ž is not uppercase. Only when the whole word is written in uppercase, is the Ž capitalised.
(I find it odd that wikipedia's article on this digraph code point is using separate characters instead of the digraph.)