diff --git a/ci/envs/default.env b/ci/envs/default.env
index f50b7549b823..e3bf1a5ab47a 100644
--- a/ci/envs/default.env
+++ b/ci/envs/default.env
@@ -42,4 +42,18 @@ export JAXCI_OUTPUT_DIR="$(pwd)/dist"
 # When enabled, artifacts will be built with RBE. Requires gcloud authentication
 # and only certain platforms support RBE. Therefore, this flag is enabled only
 # for CI builds where RBE is supported.
-export JAXCI_BUILD_ARTIFACT_WITH_RBE=${JAXCI_BUILD_ARTIFACT_WITH_RBE:-0}
\ No newline at end of file
+export JAXCI_BUILD_ARTIFACT_WITH_RBE=${JAXCI_BUILD_ARTIFACT_WITH_RBE:-0}
+
+# #############################################################################
+# Test script specific environment variables.
+# #############################################################################
+# The maximum number of tests to run per GPU when running single accelerator
+# tests with parallel execution with Bazel. The GPU limit is set because we
+# need to allow about 2GB of GPU RAM per test. Default is set to 12 because we
+# use L4 machines which have 24GB of RAM but can be overriden if we use a
+# different GPU type.
+export JAXCI_MAX_TESTS_PER_GPU=${JAXCI_MAX_TESTS_PER_GPU:-12}
+
+# Sets the value of `JAX_ENABLE_X64` in the test scripts. CI builds override
+# this value in the Github action workflow files.
+export JAXCI_ENABLE_X64=${JAXCI_ENABLE_X64:-0}
diff --git a/ci/run_bazel_test_cpu_rbe.sh b/ci/run_bazel_test_cpu_rbe.sh
index 6ba9f6dce239..248111e0247a 100755
--- a/ci/run_bazel_test_cpu_rbe.sh
+++ b/ci/run_bazel_test_cpu_rbe.sh
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ if [[ $os == "darwin" ]] || ( [[ $os == "linux" ]] && [[ $arch == "aarch64" ]] )
             --override_repository=xla="${JAXCI_XLA_GIT_DIR}" \
             --test_env=JAX_NUM_GENERATED_CASES=25 \
             --test_env=JAX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS=true \
-            --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64=0 \
+            --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64="$JAXCI_ENABLE_X64" \
             --test_output=errors \
             --color=yes \
             //tests:cpu_tests //tests:backend_independent_tests
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ else
             --override_repository=xla="${JAXCI_XLA_GIT_DIR}" \
             --test_env=JAX_NUM_GENERATED_CASES=25 \
             --test_env=JAX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS=true \
-            --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64=0 \
+            --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64="$JAXCI_ENABLE_X64" \
             --test_output=errors \
             --color=yes \
             //tests:cpu_tests //tests:backend_independent_tests
diff --git a/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_non_rbe.sh b/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_non_rbe.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..7828cf41c60e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_non_rbe.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Copyright 2024 The JAX Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# ==============================================================================
+# Run Bazel GPU tests without RBE. This runs two commands: single accelerator
+# tests with one GPU a piece, multiaccelerator tests with all GPUS.
+# Requires that jaxlib, jax-cuda-plugin, and jax-cuda-pjrt wheels are stored
+# inside the ../dist folder
+#
+# -e: abort script if one command fails
+# -u: error if undefined variable used
+# -x: log all commands
+# -o history: record shell history
+# -o allexport: export all functions and variables to be available to subscripts
+set -exu -o history -o allexport
+
+# Source default JAXCI environment variables.
+source ci/envs/default.env
+
+# Set up the build environment.
+source "ci/utilities/setup_build_environment.sh"
+
+# Run Bazel GPU tests (single accelerator and multiaccelerator tests) directly
+# on the VM without RBE.
+nvidia-smi
+echo "Running single accelerator tests (without RBE)..."
+
+# Set up test environment variables.
+export gpu_count=$(nvidia-smi --query-gpu=name --format=csv,noheader | wc -l)
+export num_test_jobs=$((gpu_count * JAXCI_MAX_TESTS_PER_GPU))
+export num_cpu_cores=$(nproc)
+
+# tests_jobs = max(gpu_count * max_tests_per_gpu, num_cpu_cores)
+if [[ $num_test_jobs -gt $num_cpu_cores ]]; then
+  num_test_jobs=$num_cpu_cores
+fi
+# End of test environment variables setup.
+
+# Runs single accelerator tests with one GPU apiece.
+# It appears --run_under needs an absolute path.
+# The product of the `JAX_ACCELERATOR_COUNT`` and `JAX_TESTS_PER_ACCELERATOR`
+# should match the VM's CPU core count (set in `--local_test_jobs`).
+bazel test --config=ci_linux_x86_64_cuda \
+      --repo_env=HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION="$JAXCI_HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION" \
+      --//jax:build_jaxlib=false \
+      --test_env=XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_ALLOCATOR=platform \
+      --run_under "$(pwd)/build/parallel_accelerator_execute.sh" \
+      --test_output=errors \
+      --test_env=JAX_ACCELERATOR_COUNT=$gpu_count \
+      --test_env=JAX_TESTS_PER_ACCELERATOR=$JAXCI_MAX_TESTS_PER_GPU \
+      --local_test_jobs=$num_test_jobs \
+      --test_env=JAX_EXCLUDE_TEST_TARGETS=PmapTest.testSizeOverflow \
+      --test_tag_filters=-multiaccelerator \
+      --test_env=TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL=0 \
+      --test_env=JAX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS=true \
+      --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64="$JAXCI_ENABLE_X64" \
+      --action_env=NCCL_DEBUG=WARN \
+      --color=yes \
+      //tests:gpu_tests //tests:backend_independent_tests \
+      //tests/pallas:gpu_tests //tests/pallas:backend_independent_tests
+
+echo "Running multi-accelerator tests (without RBE)..."
+# Runs multiaccelerator tests with all GPUs directly on the VM without RBE..
+bazel test --config=ci_linux_x86_64_cuda \
+      --repo_env=HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION="$JAXCI_HERMETIC_PYTHON_VERSION" \
+      --//jax:build_jaxlib=false \
+      --test_env=XLA_PYTHON_CLIENT_ALLOCATOR=platform \
+      --test_output=errors \
+      --jobs=8 \
+      --test_tag_filters=multiaccelerator \
+      --test_env=TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL=0 \
+      --test_env=JAX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS=true \
+      --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64="$JAXCI_ENABLE_X64" \
+      --action_env=NCCL_DEBUG=WARN \
+      --color=yes \
+      //tests:gpu_tests //tests/pallas:gpu_tests
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_rbe.sh b/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_rbe.sh
index 0c004c584300..17bd8d9db4f8 100755
--- a/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_rbe.sh
+++ b/ci/run_bazel_test_gpu_rbe.sh
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ bazel test --config=rbe_linux_x86_64_cuda \
       --test_env=JAX_EXCLUDE_TEST_TARGETS=PmapTest.testSizeOverflow \
       --test_tag_filters=-multiaccelerator \
       --test_env=JAX_SKIP_SLOW_TESTS=true \
-      --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64=0 \
+      --action_env=JAX_ENABLE_X64="$JAXCI_ENABLE_X64" \
       --color=yes \
       //tests:gpu_tests //tests:backend_independent_tests //tests/pallas:gpu_tests //tests/pallas:backend_independent_tests
\ No newline at end of file