diff --git a/docs/api.yaml b/docs/api.yaml
index 12409a6fb..102516ada 100644
--- a/docs/api.yaml
+++ b/docs/api.yaml
@@ -868,7 +868,9 @@ tags:
     * `submission.delete` when a Submission is soft-deleted.
     * `submission.purge` when soft-deleted Submissions are purged.
     * `submission.restore` when a Submission is restored.
-    * `submission.reprocess` when an Entity Submission is held in a processing backlog and then removed.
+    * `submission.backlog.hold` when an Entity Submission is first held in processing backlog.
+    * `submission.backlog.reprocess` when an Entity Submission is reprocessed and removed from the backlog.
+    * `submission.backlog.force` when an Entity Submission is force-processed after being in backlog.
     * `dataset.create` when a Dataset is created.
     * `dataset.update` when a Dataset is updated.
     * `dataset.update.publish` when a Dataset is published.
diff --git a/lib/model/query/analytics.js b/lib/model/query/analytics.js
index 27ecc53b4..d35ccd5cb 100644
--- a/lib/model/query/analytics.js
+++ b/lib/model/query/analytics.js
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ FROM duplicateRuns;
 const countSubmissionReprocess = () => ({ oneFirst }) => oneFirst(sql`
   SELECT COUNT(*)
   FROM audits
-  WHERE "action" = 'submission.reprocess'
+  WHERE "action" = 'submission.backlog.reprocess'
 `);
 
 // Measure how much time entities whose source is a submission.create
diff --git a/lib/model/query/audits.js b/lib/model/query/audits.js
index ab9300a04..2384dd93f 100644
--- a/lib/model/query/audits.js
+++ b/lib/model/query/audits.js
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const actionCondition = (action) => {
     // The backup action was logged by a backup script that has been removed.
     // Even though the script has been removed, the audit log entries it logged
     // have not, so we should continue to exclude those.
-    return sql`action not in ('entity.create', 'entity.bulk.create', 'entity.error', 'entity.update.version', 'entity.update.resolve', 'entity.delete', 'submission.create', 'submission.update', 'submission.update.version', 'submission.attachment.update', 'submission.reprocess', 'submission.delete', 'submission.restore', 'backup', 'analytics')`;
+    return sql`action not in ('entity.create', 'entity.bulk.create', 'entity.error', 'entity.update.version', 'entity.update.resolve', 'entity.delete', 'submission.create', 'submission.update', 'submission.update.version', 'submission.attachment.update', 'submission.backlog.hold', 'submission.backlog.reprocess', 'submission.backlog.force', 'submission.delete', 'submission.restore', 'backup', 'analytics')`;
   else if (action === 'user')
     return sql`action in ('user.create', 'user.update', 'user.delete', 'user.assignment.create', 'user.assignment.delete', 'user.session.create')`;
   else if (action === 'field_key')
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ const actionCondition = (action) => {
   else if (action === 'form')
     return sql`action in ('form.create', 'form.update', 'form.delete', 'form.restore', 'form.purge', 'form.attachment.update', 'form.submission.export', 'form.update.draft.set', 'form.update.draft.delete', 'form.update.draft.replace', 'form.update.publish', 'upgrade.process.form.entities_version')`;
   else if (action === 'submission')
-    return sql`action in ('submission.create', 'submission.update', 'submission.update.version', 'submission.attachment.update', 'submission.reprocess', 'submission.delete', 'submission.restore', 'submission.purge')`;
+    return sql`action in ('submission.create', 'submission.update', 'submission.update.version', 'submission.attachment.update', 'submission.backlog.hold', 'submission.backlog.reprocess', 'submission.backlog.force', 'submission.delete', 'submission.restore', 'submission.purge')`;
   else if (action === 'dataset')
     return sql`action in ('dataset.create', 'dataset.update')`;
   else if (action === 'entity')
@@ -114,8 +114,6 @@ ${extend|| sql`
   LEFT JOIN entity_defs AS current_entity_def ON current_entity_def."entityId" = entities.id AND current
 `}
   WHERE (audits.details->>'submissionId')::INTEGER = ${submissionId}
-    -- suppress this one event that is used for offline entity ordering/processing
-    AND audits.action != 'submission.reprocess'
   ORDER BY audits."loggedAt" DESC, audits.id DESC
   ${page(options)}`);
 
diff --git a/lib/model/query/entities.js b/lib/model/query/entities.js
index 9d20c7321..12272f3e6 100644
--- a/lib/model/query/entities.js
+++ b/lib/model/query/entities.js
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ const _createEntity = (dataset, entityData, submissionId, submissionDef, submiss
 const _updateEntity = (dataset, entityData, submissionId, submissionDef, submissionDefId, event, forceOutOfOrderProcessing, createSubAsUpdate = false) => async ({ Audits, Entities }) => {
   if (!(event.action === 'submission.create'
     || event.action === 'submission.update.version'
-    || event.action === 'submission.reprocess'))
+    || event.action === 'submission.backlog.reprocess'))
     return null;
 
   // Get client version of entity
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ const _updateEntity = (dataset, entityData, submissionId, submissionDef, submiss
   // Try computing base version.
   // But if there is a 404.8 not found error, double-check if the entity never existed or was deleted.
   try {
-    baseEntityDef = await Entities._computeBaseVersion(event.id, dataset, clientEntity, submissionDef, forceOutOfOrderProcessing, createSubAsUpdate);
+    baseEntityDef = await Entities._computeBaseVersion(event, dataset, clientEntity, submissionDef, forceOutOfOrderProcessing, createSubAsUpdate);
   } catch (err) {
     if (err.problemCode === 404.8) {
       // Look up deleted entity by passing deleted as option argData
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ const _updateEntity = (dataset, entityData, submissionId, submissionDef, submiss
 
 // Used by _updateVerison to figure out the intended base version in Central
 // based on the branchId, trunkVersion, and baseVersion in the submission
-const _computeBaseVersion = (eventId, dataset, clientEntity, submissionDef, forceOutOfOrderProcessing, createSubAsUpdate) => async ({ Entities }) => {
+const _computeBaseVersion = (event, dataset, clientEntity, submissionDef, forceOutOfOrderProcessing, createSubAsUpdate) => async ({ Entities }) => {
   if (createSubAsUpdate) {
     // We are in the special case of force-apply create-as-update. get the latest version.
     const latestEntity = await Entities.getById(dataset.id, clientEntity.uuid)
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ const _computeBaseVersion = (eventId, dataset, clientEntity, submissionDef, forc
         return latestEntity.aux.currentVersion;
       } else {
         // If there is no base version and we are not forcing the processing, hold submission in the backlog.
-        await Entities._holdSubmission(eventId, submissionDef.submissionId, submissionDef.id, clientEntity.uuid, clientEntity.def.branchId, clientEntity.def.baseVersion);
+        await Entities._holdSubmission(event, submissionDef.submissionId, submissionDef.id, clientEntity.uuid, clientEntity.def.branchId, clientEntity.def.baseVersion);
         return null;
       }
     }
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ const _getFormDefActions = (oneFirst, datasetId, formDefId) => oneFirst(sql`
 
 // Main submission event processing function, which runs within a transaction
 // so any errors can be rolled back and logged as an entity processing error.
-const _processSubmissionEvent = (event, parentEvent) => async ({ Audits, Datasets, Entities, Submissions, Forms, oneFirst, run }) => {
+const _processSubmissionEvent = (event, parentEvent) => async ({ Datasets, Entities, Submissions, Forms, oneFirst, run }) => {
   const { submissionId, submissionDefId } = event.details;
   const forceOutOfOrderProcessing = parentEvent?.details?.force === true;
 
@@ -562,8 +562,7 @@ const _processSubmissionEvent = (event, parentEvent) => async ({ Audits, Dataset
     if (nextSub.isDefined() && !forceOutOfOrderProcessing) {
       const { submissionId: nextSubmissionId, submissionDefId: nextSubmissionDefId, auditId } = nextSub.get();
       await Entities._deleteHeldSubmissionByEventId(auditId);
-      await Audits.log({ id: event.actorId }, 'submission.reprocess', { acteeId: event.acteeId },
-        { submissionId: nextSubmissionId, submissionDefId: nextSubmissionDefId });
+      await Entities.logBacklogEvent('reprocess', event, nextSubmissionId, nextSubmissionDefId);
     }
   }
 
@@ -617,10 +616,13 @@ const _interruptedBranch = (entityId, clientEntity) => async ({ maybeOne }) => {
 };
 
 // Used by _computeBaseVersion to hold submissions that are not yet ready to be processed
-const _holdSubmission = (eventId, submissionId, submissionDefId, entityUuid, branchId, branchBaseVersion) => async ({ run }) => run(sql`
+const _holdSubmission = (event, submissionId, submissionDefId, entityUuid, branchId, branchBaseVersion) => async ({ run, Entities }) => {
+  await Entities.logBacklogEvent('hold', event, submissionId, submissionDefId);
+  await run(sql`
   INSERT INTO entity_submission_backlog ("auditId", "submissionId", "submissionDefId", "entityUuid", "branchId", "branchBaseVersion", "loggedAt")
-  VALUES (${eventId}, ${submissionId}, ${submissionDefId}, ${entityUuid}, ${branchId}, ${branchBaseVersion}, CLOCK_TIMESTAMP())
+  VALUES (${event.id}, ${submissionId}, ${submissionDefId}, ${entityUuid}, ${branchId}, ${branchBaseVersion}, CLOCK_TIMESTAMP())
   `);
+};
 
 // Check for a currently-held submission by id
 const _checkHeldSubmission = (submissionId) => ({ maybeOne }) => maybeOne(sql`
@@ -642,6 +644,8 @@ const _deleteHeldSubmissionByEventId = (eventId) => ({ run }) => run(sql`
   DELETE FROM entity_submission_backlog
   WHERE "auditId"=${eventId}`);
 
+const logBacklogEvent = (action, event, submissionId, submissionDefId) => ({ Audits }) =>
+  Audits.log({ id: event.actorId }, `submission.backlog.${action}`, { acteeId: event.acteeId }, { submissionId, submissionDefId });
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // FORCE PROCESSING SUBMISSIONS FROM BACKLOG
@@ -664,6 +668,7 @@ const _processSingleBacklogEvent = (event) => (container) =>
   container.db.transaction(async (trxn) => {
     const { Entities } = container.with({ db: trxn });
     await Entities._deleteHeldSubmissionByEventId(event.id);
+    await Entities.logBacklogEvent('force', event, event.details.submissionId, event.details.submissionDefId);
     await Entities.processSubmissionEvent(event, { details: { force: true } });
     return true;
   });
@@ -854,7 +859,7 @@ module.exports = {
   _computeBaseVersion, _interruptedBranch,
   _holdSubmission, _checkHeldSubmission,
   _getNextHeldSubmissionInBranch, _deleteHeldSubmissionByEventId,
-  _getHeldSubmissionsAsEvents,
+  _getHeldSubmissionsAsEvents, logBacklogEvent,
   processBacklog, _processSingleBacklogEvent,
   processSubmissionEvent, streamForExport,
   getDefBySubmissionId,
diff --git a/lib/worker/jobs.js b/lib/worker/jobs.js
index 906ad6d91..1a35a08fd 100644
--- a/lib/worker/jobs.js
+++ b/lib/worker/jobs.js
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ const jobs = {
   'submission.update.version': [ require('./submission').submissionUpdateVersion, require('./entity').createOrUpdateEntityFromSubmission ],
 
   'submission.update': [ require('./entity').createOrUpdateEntityFromSubmission ],
-  'submission.reprocess': [ require('./entity').createOrUpdateEntityFromSubmission ],
+  'submission.backlog.reprocess': [ require('./entity').createOrUpdateEntityFromSubmission ],
 
   'form.create': [ require('./form').create ],
   'form.update.draft.set': [ require('./form').updateDraftSet ],
diff --git a/test/integration/api/audits.js b/test/integration/api/audits.js
index 3cbc205a6..732216ebe 100644
--- a/test/integration/api/audits.js
+++ b/test/integration/api/audits.js
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ describe('/audits', () => {
         });
     }));
 
-    it('should filter out offline entity submission reprocessing events given action=nonverbose', testService(async (service, container) => {
+    it('should filter out offline entity submission backlog events given action=nonverbose', testService(async (service, container) => {
       const asAlice = await service.login('alice');
 
       await asAlice.post('/v1/projects/1/forms?publish=true')
diff --git a/test/integration/api/offline-entities.js b/test/integration/api/offline-entities.js
index 7a132e020..dc6cf1362 100644
--- a/test/integration/api/offline-entities.js
+++ b/test/integration/api/offline-entities.js
@@ -649,7 +649,104 @@ describe('Offline Entities', () => {
         });
     }));
 
-    it('should not include submission.reprocess event in audit log of held submission', testOfflineEntities(async (service, container) => {
+    it('should log an event when holding submission in backlog (force update)', testOfflineEntities(async (service, container) => {
+      const asAlice = await service.login('alice');
+      const branchId = uuid();
+
+      // Send second update in first
+      await asAlice.post('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions')
+        .send(testData.instances.offlineEntity.one
+          .replace('branchId=""', `branchId="${branchId}"`)
+          .replace('one', 'one-update1')
+          .replace('baseVersion="1"', 'baseVersion="2"')
+          .replace('<status>arrived</status>', '<status>working</status>')
+        )
+        .set('Content-Type', 'application/xml')
+        .expect(200);
+
+      await exhaust(container);
+
+      await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/one-update1/audits')
+        .expect(200)
+        .then(({ body }) => {
+          body.length.should.equal(2);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+        });
+
+      // force process the backlog
+      await container.Entities.processBacklog(true);
+
+      await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/one-update1/audits')
+        .expect(200)
+        .then(({ body }) => {
+          body.length.should.equal(4);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'entity.update.version',
+            'submission.backlog.force',
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+        });
+    }));
+
+    it('should log an event when holding submission in backlog (force update-as-create, then create-as-update)', testOfflineEntities(async (service, container) => {
+      const asAlice = await service.login('alice');
+      const branchId = uuid();
+
+      // send update to entity that hasn't been created yet
+      await asAlice.post('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions')
+        .send(testData.instances.offlineEntity.two
+          .replace('create="1"', 'update="1"')
+          .replace('branchId=""', `branchId="${branchId}"`)
+          .replace('two', 'two-update')
+          .replace('baseVersion=""', 'baseVersion="1"')
+          .replace('<status>new</status>', '<status>checked in</status>')
+        )
+        .set('Content-Type', 'application/xml')
+        .expect(200);
+
+      await exhaust(container);
+
+      // force process the backlog
+      await container.Entities.processBacklog(true);
+
+      await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/two-update/audits')
+        .expect(200)
+        .then(({ body }) => {
+          body.length.should.equal(4);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'entity.create',
+            'submission.backlog.force',
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+        });
+
+
+      // Finally send create
+      await asAlice.post('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions')
+        .send(testData.instances.offlineEntity.two)
+        .set('Content-Type', 'application/xml')
+        .expect(200);
+
+      await exhaust(container);
+
+      // The create doesn't go thorugh the backlog so there's no backlog events here
+      await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/two/audits')
+        .expect(200)
+        .then(({ body }) => {
+          body.length.should.equal(2);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'entity.update.version',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+        });
+    }));
+
+    it('should include submission.backlog.reprocess event in audit log of held submission', testOfflineEntities(async (service, container) => {
       const asAlice = await service.login('alice');
       const branchId = uuid();
 
@@ -677,11 +774,14 @@ describe('Offline Entities', () => {
       await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/one-update1/audits')
         .expect(200)
         .then(({ body }) => {
-          body.length.should.equal(2);
           body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
             'entity.update.version',
+            'submission.backlog.reprocess',
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
             'submission.create'
           ]);
+          // actor for update should be the same as submission create actor
+          body[0].actorId.should.equal(body[3].actorId);
         });
     }));
   });
@@ -740,8 +840,11 @@ describe('Offline Entities', () => {
       await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/one/audits')
         .expect(200)
         .then(({ body }) => {
-          body.length.should.equal(1);
-          should.not.exist(body[0].details.problem);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+          should.not.exist(body[1].details.problem);
         });
 
       // Observe that the update was still not applied.
@@ -820,8 +923,11 @@ describe('Offline Entities', () => {
       await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/two-update/audits')
         .expect(200)
         .then(({ body }) => {
-          body.length.should.equal(1);
-          should.not.exist(body[0].details.problem);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+          should.not.exist(body[1].details.problem);
         });
 
       // There should be one submission (the second one) in the held submissions queue
@@ -896,9 +1002,13 @@ describe('Offline Entities', () => {
       await asAlice.get('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions/two-update/audits')
         .expect(200)
         .then(({ body }) => {
-          body.length.should.equal(1);
-          body[0].action.should.eql('submission.create');
-          should.not.exist(body[0].details.problem);
+          body.map(a => a.action).should.eql([
+            'submission.backlog.force',
+            'submission.backlog.hold',
+            'submission.create'
+          ]);
+          body[2].action.should.eql('submission.create');
+          should.not.exist(body[2].details.problem);
         });
     }));
   });
diff --git a/test/integration/other/analytics-queries.js b/test/integration/other/analytics-queries.js
index a0948c821..aa02493a9 100644
--- a/test/integration/other/analytics-queries.js
+++ b/test/integration/other/analytics-queries.js
@@ -1580,7 +1580,7 @@ describe('analytics task queries', function () {
       countInterruptedBranches.should.equal(4);
     }));
 
-    it('should count number of submission.reprocess events (submissions temporarily in the backlog)', testService(async (service, container) => {
+    it('should count number of submission.backlog.reprocess events (submissions temporarily in the backlog)', testService(async (service, container) => {
       await createTestForm(service, container, testData.forms.offlineEntity, 1);
 
       const asAlice = await service.login('alice');
@@ -1915,7 +1915,7 @@ describe('analytics task queries', function () {
         .expect(200);
 
       // switching the order of these updates triggers the
-      // submission.reprocess count
+      // submission.backlog.reprocess count
       await asAlice.post('/v1/projects/1/forms/offlineEntity/submissions')
         .send(testData.instances.offlineEntity.one
           .replace('one', 'one-update2')