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Citrix NetScaler Triage

This repository contains triage scripts for Citrix NetScaler devices:

  • iocitrix.py -- a Dissect script to Triage a Citrix NetScaler image/target.
  • scan-citrix-netscaler-version.py -- fingerprint the version of a Citrix NetScaler device over HTTP.

scan-citrix-netscaler-version.py

You can use this script to scan and determine the version of a Citrix NetScaler device over HTTP.

Installing scan-citrix-netscaler-version.py

Use the following steps:

  1. git clone https://github.com/fox-it/citrix-netscaler-triage.git
  2. cd citrix-netscaler-triage
  3. pip install httpx
  4. python3 scan-citrix-netscaler-version.py --help

Example usage:

$ python3 scan-citrix-netscaler-version.py 192.168.1.10
192.168.1.10 is running Citrix NetScaler version 13.1-51.15

Or get the results in JSON:

$ python3 scan-citrix-netscaler-version.py https://192.168.1.11 --json | jq
{
  "scanned_at": "2024-05-13T13:37:08.039109+00:00",
  "target": "https://192.168.1.11",
  "rdx_en_stamp": 1702548756,
  "rdx_en_dt": "2023-12-14T10:12:36+00:00",
  "version": "13.0-92.21",
  "error": null
}

For more options see --help.

iocitrix.py

You can use iocitrix.py to check for known Indicators of Compromise on a NetScaler Dissect target. It checks for the following things:

  • Known strings used in webshells
  • Timestomped files
  • Suspicious cronjobs
  • Unknown SUID binaries

Note that this script is meant to run on forensic disk images of Citrix NetScaler devices and not on the device itself. Also see the Creating Citrix NetScaler disk images section on how to create forensic disk images of your Citrix NetScaler.

Ensure that you have the latest version of Dissect, support for Citrix NetScaler was added in this PR: fox-it/dissect.target#357

Disclaimer: While this tool strives for accuracy, it is possible for it to produce false positives or false negatives. Users are advised to cross-check results and use their own judgement before making any decisions based on this tool's output.

Installing iocitrix.py

Use the following steps:

  1. git clone https://github.com/fox-it/citrix-netscaler-triage.git
  2. cd citrix-netscaler-triage
  3. pip install -r requirements.txt
  4. pip install --upgrade --pre dissect.volume dissect.target

Note that step 4 will print the following error, but you can ignore it:

ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.

You can then run iocitrix.py <TARGETS> to start an IOC check against one or more forensic images. The script accepts any input that dissect can read as a Target, such as a .VMDK, or a raw disk image. Some examples are provided below.

python3 iocitrix.py image.vmx
python3 iocitrix.py image.vmdk

If you have also created a forensic image of the RAM disk, you can utilize iocitrix.py to incorporate volatile data in its triage as such:

python3 iocitrix.py md0.img+image.vmx
python3 iocitrix.py md0.img+image.vmdk
python3 iocitrix.py md0.img+da0.img

The + (plus) sign will load the two disk images as a single Dissect Target.

Creating Citrix NetScaler disk images

A Citrix NetScaler exposes two important block devices which can imaged for offline forensic analysis. These block device files can be found at the following paths:

  • /dev/md0: The disk that holds the root (/) directory. This is a RAM disk
  • /dev/da0: The disk that holds the /var and /flash directories. This is a persistent disk.

The root directory (/) of Citrix NetScaler is a RAM disk, meaning that this is a volatile disk. This disk can be found at /dev/md0 when the NetScaler is powered-on and running, and will be unavailable when the NetScaler is powered-off. The /var and /flash directories reside on the /dev/da0 disk as two separate partitions and is persistent.

The following commands can be used on a local linux machine to create disk of your NetScaler over SSH:

Create a disk image of the /dev/da0 disk to your local machine

local ~ $ ssh nsroot@<YOUR-NETSCALER-IP> shell dd if=/dev/da0 bs=10M | tail -c +7 | head -c -6 > da0.img

Do note, that this can take some time to complete. No progess is shown when using dd. It is adviced to wait until you gain control back over the prompt. This is an indication that dd finished.

Also if you don't have /dev/da0 it's most likely /dev/ada0, you can verify using the mount or gpart show command.

Create a disk image of the /dev/md0 disk to your local machine

local ~ $ ssh nsroot@<YOUR-NETSCALER-IP> shell dd if=/dev/md0 bs=10M | tail -c +7 | head -c -6 > md0.img

NOTE: While it is recommended to create disk images of both /dev/md0 and /dev/da0. Creating a disk image of /dev/md0 is optional. This step could be skipped, though this can cause iocitrix.py to miss certains incicators of compromise.

Running iocitrix.py on your images

After executing the previous commands on your local machine, the da0.img and md0.img files will be present. You can point iocitrix to these files to start triaging your images. Use the following command to do so:

local ~ $ python3 iocitrix.py md0.img+da0.img

Example output:

(venv) user@dissect:/data/netscaler/image$ python3 iocitrix.py md0.img+da0.img
<Target md0.img+da0.img>

Disks
- <RawContainer size=555745286 vs=None>
- <RawContainer size=21474836486 vs=<DissectVolumeSystem serial=None>>

Volumes
- <Volume name=None size=555745286 fs=<FfsFilesystem>>
- <Volume name='part_00000000' size=1717567488 fs=<FfsFilesystem>>
- <Volume name='part_66600000' size=4401922048 fs=<FfsFilesystem>>
- <Volume name='part_16cc00000' size=2097152 fs=<FfsFilesystem>>
- <Volume name='part_16ce00000' size=15353200128 fs=<FfsFilesystem>>

Hostname      : None
Domain        : None
IPs           : 10.164.0.39, 10.164.0.10
OS family     : citrix-netscaler (CitrixBsdPlugin)
OS version    : NetScaler 13.1 build 30 (ns-13.1-30.52)
Architecture  : x86_64-citrix-netscaler
Language(s)   :
Timezone      : None
Install date  : 2023-08-08 13:59:38.228043+00:00
Last activity : 2023-08-11 08:51:13.979536+00:00


*** Checking for webshells ***

<ioc/hit type='php-file-permission' alert='Suspicious php permission 0o644' confidence='high' path='/var/netscaler/logon/LogonPoint/uiareas/linux/adminupevents.php'>
<ioc/hit type='php-file-contents' alert="Suspicious PHP code 'b'array_filter(''" confidence='high' path='/var/netscaler/logon/LogonPoint/uiareas/linux/adminupevents.php'>
<ioc/hit type='php-file-permission' alert='Suspicious php permission 0o644' confidence='high' path='/var/vpn/config.php'>
<ioc/hit type='php-file-contents' alert="Suspicious PHP code 'b'array_filter(''" confidence='high' path='/var/vpn/config.php'>
<ioc/hit type='php-file-permission' alert='Suspicious php permission 0o644' confidence='high' path='/var/vpn/themes/config.php'>

*** Checking for timestomped files ***


*** Checking for suspicious cronjobs ***


*** Checking for SUID Binaries (this takes a while) ***

<ioc/hit type='binary/suid' alert='Binary with SUID bit set Observed' confidence='medium' path='/tmp/python/bash'>

********************************************************************************
***                                                                          ***
*** There were findings for Indicators of Compromise.                        ***
*** Please consider performing further forensic investigation of the system. ***
***                                                                          ***
********************************************************************************

Confidence    Type                 Alert                                       Artefact Location
------------  -------------------  ------------------------------------------  ---------------------------------------------------------------
high          php-file-permission  Suspicious php permission 0o644             /var/netscaler/logon/LogonPoint/uiareas/linux/adminupevents.php
high          php-file-contents    Suspicious PHP code 'b'array_filter(''      /var/netscaler/logon/LogonPoint/uiareas/linux/adminupevents.php
high          php-file-permission  Suspicious php permission 0o644             /var/vpn/config.php
high          php-file-contents    Suspicious PHP code 'b'array_filter(''      /var/vpn/config.php
high          php-file-permission  Suspicious php permission 0o644             /var/vpn/themes/config.php
medium        binary/suid          Binary with SUID bit set Observed           /tmp/python/bash

All targets analyzed.