Memory consumption, memory leaks

[Meteoeoeo]

Memory consumption, memory leaks after db operations

Code

Sample: https://github.com/Meteoeoeo/memory_consumption

after the first RunSeeder call the consumption increases significantly, in the next ones it increases but less

InitDatabase(app);
RunSeeder(app, connectionString);
RunSeeder(app, connectionString);
RunSeeder(app, connectionString);
RunSeeder(app, connectionString);
RunSeeder(app, connectionString);

void InitDatabase(WebApplication webApplication)
{
    using var scope = webApplication.Services.CreateScope();
    using var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<EmployeeContext>();
    context.Database.EnsureDeleted();
    context.Database.EnsureCreated();
}

void RunSeeder(WebApplication webApplication, string connectionString)
{
    using var scope = webApplication.Services.CreateScope();
    using var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<EmployeeContext>();
    // tested with manually create EmployeeContext - the same consumption
    //var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<EmployeeContext>();
    //optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(connectionString);
    //using var context = new EmployeeContext(optionsBuilder.Options);
    var seeder = new EmployeeSeeder();
    seeder.Seed(context);
}

without batches the consumption is greater

   public void Seed(EmployeeContext context)
   {
       // if (!context.Employees.Any())
       {
           var random = new Random();
           var departments = new[] { "IT", "HR", "Finance", "Marketing", "Sales" };

           var employees = Enumerable.Range(1, 100_000).Select(i => new Employee
           {
               FirstName = $"FirstName{i}",
               LastName = $"LastName{i}",
               Department = departments[random.Next(departments.Length)],
               IsActive = random.Next(0, 2) == 1,
               HireDate = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-random.Next(0, 3650))
           }).ToList();

           var batchSize = 1_000;
           for (int i = 0; i < employees.Count; i += batchSize)
           {
               var batch = employees.Skip(i).Take(batchSize).ToList();
               context.Employees.AddRange(batch);
               context.SaveChanges();
               context.ChangeTracker.Clear(); // not solve the problem
           }
       }
   }

some queries from logs

info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
      Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[@p0='?' (Size = 50), @p1='?' (Size = 100), @p2='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p3='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p4='?' (Size = 100), @p5='?' (Size = 50), @p6='?' (Size = 100), @p7='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p8='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p9='?' (Size = 100), @p10='?' (Size = 50), @p11='?' (Size = 100), @p12='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p13='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p14='?' (Size = 100), @p15='?' (Size = 50), @p16='?' (Size = 100), @p17='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p18='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p19='?' (Size = 100), @p20='?' (Size = 50), @p21='?' (Size = 100), @p22='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p23='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p24='?' (Size = 100), @p25='?' (Size = 50), @p26='?' (Size = 100), @p27='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p28='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p29='?' (Size = 100), @p30='?' (Size = 50), @p31='?' (Size = 100), @p32='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p33='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p34='?' (Size = 100), @p35='?' (Size = 50), @p36='?' (Size = 100), @p37='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p38='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p39='?' (Size = 100), @p40='?' (Size = 50), @p41='?' (Size = 100), @p42='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p43='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p44='?' (Size = 100), @p45='?' (Size = 50), @p46='?' (Size = 100), @p47='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p48='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p49='?' (Size = 100), @p50='?' (Size = 50), @p51='?' (Size = 100), @p52='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p53='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p54='?' (Size = 100), @p55='?' (Size = 50), @p56='?' (Size = 100), @p57='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p58='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p59='?' (Size = 100), @p60='?' (Size = 50), @p61='?' (Size = 100), @p62='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p63='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p64='?' (Size = 100), @p65='?' (Size = 50), @p66='?' (Size = 100), @p67='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p68='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p69='?' (Size = 100), @p70='?' (Size = 50), @p71='?' (Size = 100), @p72='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p73='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p74='?' (Size = 100), @p75='?' (Size = 50), @p76='?' (Size = 100), @p77='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p78='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p79='?' (Size = 100), @p80='?' (Size = 50), @p81='?' (Size = 100), @p82='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p83='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p84='?' (Size = 100), @p85='?' (Size = 50), @p86='?' (Size = 100), @p87='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p88='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p89='?' (Size = 100), @p90='?' (Size = 50), @p91='?' (Size = 100), @p92='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p93='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p94='?' (Size = 100), @p95='?' (Size = 50), @p96='?' (Size = 100), @p97='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p98='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p99='?' (Size = 100), @p100='?' (Size = 50), @p101='?' (Size = 100), @p102='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p103='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p104='?' (Size = 100), @p105='?' (Size = 50), @p106='?' (Size = 100), @p107='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p108='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p109='?' (Size = 100), @p110='?' (Size = 50), @p111='?' (Size = 100), @p112='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p113='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p114='?' (Size = 100), @p115='?' (Size = 50), @p116='?' (Size = 100), @p117='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p118='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p119='?' (Size = 100), @p120='?' (Size = 50), @p121='?' (Size = 100), @p122='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p123='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p124='?' (Size = 100), @p125='?' (Size = 50), @p126='?' (Size = 100), @p127='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p128='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p129='?' (Size = 100), @p130='?' (Size = 50), @p131='?' (Size = 100), @p132='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p133='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p134='?' (Size = 100), @p135='?' (Size = 50), @p136='?' (Size = 100), @p137='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p138='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p139='?' (Size = 100), @p140='?' (Size = 50), @p141='?' (Size = 100), @p142='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p143='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p144='?' (Size = 100), @p145='?' (Size = 50), @p146='?' (Size = 100), @p147='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p148='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p149='?' (Size = 100), @p150='?' (Size = 50), @p151='?' (Size = 100), @p152='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p153='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p154='?' (Size = 100), @p155='?' (Size = 50), @p156='?' (Size = 100), @p157='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p158='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p159='?' (Size = 100), @p160='?' (Size = 50), @p161='?' (Size = 100), @p162='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p163='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p164='?' (Size = 100), @p165='?' (Size = 50), @p166='?' (Size = 100), @p167='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p168='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p169='?' (Size = 100), @p170='?' (Size = 50), @p171='?' (Size = 100), @p172='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p173='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p174='?' (Size = 100), @p175='?' (Size = 50), @p176='?' (Size = 100), @p177='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p178='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p179='?' (Size = 100), @p180='?' (Size = 50), @p181='?' (Size = 100), @p182='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p183='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p184='?' (Size = 100), @p185='?' (Size = 50), @p186='?' (Size = 100), @p187='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p188='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p189='?' (Size = 100), @p190='?' (Size = 50), @p191='?' (Size = 100), @p192='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p193='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p194='?' (Size = 100), @p195='?' (Size = 50), @p196='?' (Size = 100), @p197='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p198='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p199='?' (Size = 100), @p200='?' (Size = 50), @p201='?' (Size = 100), @p202='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p203='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p204='?' (Size = 100), @p205='?' (Size = 50), @p206='?' (Size = 100), @p207='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p208='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p209='?' (Size = 100)], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
      SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF;
      SET NOCOUNT ON;
      MERGE [Employees] USING (
      VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, 0),
      (@p5, @p6, @p7, @p8, @p9, 1),
      (@p10, @p11, @p12, @p13, @p14, 2),
      (@p15, @p16, @p17, @p18, @p19, 3),
      (@p20, @p21, @p22, @p23, @p24, 4),
      (@p25, @p26, @p27, @p28, @p29, 5),
      (@p30, @p31, @p32, @p33, @p34, 6),
      (@p35, @p36, @p37, @p38, @p39, 7),
      (@p40, @p41, @p42, @p43, @p44, 8),
      (@p45, @p46, @p47, @p48, @p49, 9),
      (@p50, @p51, @p52, @p53, @p54, 10),
      (@p55, @p56, @p57, @p58, @p59, 11),
      (@p60, @p61, @p62, @p63, @p64, 12),
      (@p65, @p66, @p67, @p68, @p69, 13),
      (@p70, @p71, @p72, @p73, @p74, 14),
      (@p75, @p76, @p77, @p78, @p79, 15),
      (@p80, @p81, @p82, @p83, @p84, 16),
      (@p85, @p86, @p87, @p88, @p89, 17),
      (@p90, @p91, @p92, @p93, @p94, 18),
      (@p95, @p96, @p97, @p98, @p99, 19),
      (@p100, @p101, @p102, @p103, @p104, 20),
      (@p105, @p106, @p107, @p108, @p109, 21),
      (@p110, @p111, @p112, @p113, @p114, 22),
      (@p115, @p116, @p117, @p118, @p119, 23),
      (@p120, @p121, @p122, @p123, @p124, 24),
      (@p125, @p126, @p127, @p128, @p129, 25),
      (@p130, @p131, @p132, @p133, @p134, 26),
      (@p135, @p136, @p137, @p138, @p139, 27),
      (@p140, @p141, @p142, @p143, @p144, 28),
      (@p145, @p146, @p147, @p148, @p149, 29),
      (@p150, @p151, @p152, @p153, @p154, 30),
      (@p155, @p156, @p157, @p158, @p159, 31),
      (@p160, @p161, @p162, @p163, @p164, 32),
      (@p165, @p166, @p167, @p168, @p169, 33),
      (@p170, @p171, @p172, @p173, @p174, 34),
      (@p175, @p176, @p177, @p178, @p179, 35),
      (@p180, @p181, @p182, @p183, @p184, 36),
      (@p185, @p186, @p187, @p188, @p189, 37),
      (@p190, @p191, @p192, @p193, @p194, 38),
      (@p195, @p196, @p197, @p198, @p199, 39),
      (@p200, @p201, @p202, @p203, @p204, 40),
      (@p205, @p206, @p207, @p208, @p209, 41)) AS i ([Department], [FirstName], [HireDate], [IsActive], [LastName], _Position) ON 1=0
      WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
      INSERT ([Department], [FirstName], [HireDate], [IsActive], [LastName])
      VALUES (i.[Department], i.[FirstName], i.[HireDate], i.[IsActive], i.[LastName])
      OUTPUT INSERTED.[Id], i._Position;
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
      Executed DbCommand (2ms) [Parameters=[@p0='?' (Size = 50), @p1='?' (Size = 100), @p2='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p3='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p4='?' (Size = 100), @p5='?' (Size = 50), @p6='?' (Size = 100), @p7='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p8='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p9='?' (Size = 100), @p10='?' (Size = 50), @p11='?' (Size = 100), @p12='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p13='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p14='?' (Size = 100), @p15='?' (Size = 50), @p16='?' (Size = 100), @p17='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p18='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p19='?' (Size = 100), @p20='?' (Size = 50), @p21='?' (Size = 100), @p22='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p23='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p24='?' (Size = 100), @p25='?' (Size = 50), @p26='?' (Size = 100), @p27='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p28='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p29='?' (Size = 100), @p30='?' (Size = 50), @p31='?' (Size = 100), @p32='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p33='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p34='?' (Size = 100), @p35='?' (Size = 50), @p36='?' (Size = 100), @p37='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p38='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p39='?' (Size = 100), @p40='?' (Size = 50), @p41='?' (Size = 100), @p42='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p43='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p44='?' (Size = 100), @p45='?' (Size = 50), @p46='?' (Size = 100), @p47='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p48='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p49='?' (Size = 100), @p50='?' (Size = 50), @p51='?' (Size = 100), @p52='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p53='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p54='?' (Size = 100), @p55='?' (Size = 50), @p56='?' (Size = 100), @p57='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p58='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p59='?' (Size = 100), @p60='?' (Size = 50), @p61='?' (Size = 100), @p62='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p63='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p64='?' (Size = 100), @p65='?' (Size = 50), @p66='?' (Size = 100), @p67='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p68='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p69='?' (Size = 100), @p70='?' (Size = 50), @p71='?' (Size = 100), @p72='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p73='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p74='?' (Size = 100), @p75='?' (Size = 50), @p76='?' (Size = 100), @p77='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p78='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p79='?' (Size = 100), @p80='?' (Size = 50), @p81='?' (Size = 100), @p82='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p83='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p84='?' (Size = 100), @p85='?' (Size = 50), @p86='?' (Size = 100), @p87='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p88='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p89='?' (Size = 100), @p90='?' (Size = 50), @p91='?' (Size = 100), @p92='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p93='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p94='?' (Size = 100), @p95='?' (Size = 50), @p96='?' (Size = 100), @p97='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p98='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p99='?' (Size = 100), @p100='?' (Size = 50), @p101='?' (Size = 100), @p102='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p103='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p104='?' (Size = 100), @p105='?' (Size = 50), @p106='?' (Size = 100), @p107='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p108='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p109='?' (Size = 100), @p110='?' (Size = 50), @p111='?' (Size = 100), @p112='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p113='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p114='?' (Size = 100), @p115='?' (Size = 50), @p116='?' (Size = 100), @p117='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p118='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p119='?' (Size = 100), @p120='?' (Size = 50), @p121='?' (Size = 100), @p122='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p123='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p124='?' (Size = 100), @p125='?' (Size = 50), @p126='?' (Size = 100), @p127='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p128='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p129='?' (Size = 100), @p130='?' (Size = 50), @p131='?' (Size = 100), @p132='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p133='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p134='?' (Size = 100), @p135='?' (Size = 50), @p136='?' (Size = 100), @p137='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p138='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p139='?' (Size = 100), @p140='?' (Size = 50), @p141='?' (Size = 100), @p142='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p143='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p144='?' (Size = 100), @p145='?' (Size = 50), @p146='?' (Size = 100), @p147='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p148='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p149='?' (Size = 100), @p150='?' (Size = 50), @p151='?' (Size = 100), @p152='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p153='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p154='?' (Size = 100), @p155='?' (Size = 50), @p156='?' (Size = 100), @p157='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p158='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p159='?' (Size = 100), @p160='?' (Size = 50), @p161='?' (Size = 100), @p162='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p163='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p164='?' (Size = 100), @p165='?' (Size = 50), @p166='?' (Size = 100), @p167='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p168='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p169='?' (Size = 100), @p170='?' (Size = 50), @p171='?' (Size = 100), @p172='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p173='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p174='?' (Size = 100), @p175='?' (Size = 50), @p176='?' (Size = 100), @p177='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p178='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p179='?' (Size = 100), @p180='?' (Size = 50), @p181='?' (Size = 100), @p182='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p183='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p184='?' (Size = 100), @p185='?' (Size = 50), @p186='?' (Size = 100), @p187='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p188='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p189='?' (Size = 100), @p190='?' (Size = 50), @p191='?' (Size = 100), @p192='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p193='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p194='?' (Size = 100), @p195='?' (Size = 50), @p196='?' (Size = 100), @p197='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p198='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p199='?' (Size = 100), @p200='?' (Size = 50), @p201='?' (Size = 100), @p202='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p203='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p204='?' (Size = 100), @p205='?' (Size = 50), @p206='?' (Size = 100), @p207='?' (DbType = DateTime2), @p208='?' (DbType = Boolean), @p209='?' (Size = 100)], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
      SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF;
      SET NOCOUNT ON;
      MERGE [Employees] USING (
      VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, 0),
      (@p5, @p6, @p7, @p8, @p9, 1),
      (@p10, @p11, @p12, @p13, @p14, 2),
      (@p15, @p16, @p17, @p18, @p19, 3),
      (@p20, @p21, @p22, @p23, @p24, 4),
      (@p25, @p26, @p27, @p28, @p29, 5),
      (@p30, @p31, @p32, @p33, @p34, 6),
      (@p35, @p36, @p37, @p38, @p39, 7),
      (@p40, @p41, @p42, @p43, @p44, 8),
      (@p45, @p46, @p47, @p48, @p49, 9),
      (@p50, @p51, @p52, @p53, @p54, 10),
      (@p55, @p56, @p57, @p58, @p59, 11),
      (@p60, @p61, @p62, @p63, @p64, 12),
      (@p65, @p66, @p67, @p68, @p69, 13),
      (@p70, @p71, @p72, @p73, @p74, 14),
      (@p75, @p76, @p77, @p78, @p79, 15),
      (@p80, @p81, @p82, @p83, @p84, 16),
      (@p85, @p86, @p87, @p88, @p89, 17),
      (@p90, @p91, @p92, @p93, @p94, 18),
      (@p95, @p96, @p97, @p98, @p99, 19),
      (@p100, @p101, @p102, @p103, @p104, 20),
      (@p105, @p106, @p107, @p108, @p109, 21),
      (@p110, @p111, @p112, @p113, @p114, 22),
      (@p115, @p116, @p117, @p118, @p119, 23),
      (@p120, @p121, @p122, @p123, @p124, 24),
      (@p125, @p126, @p127, @p128, @p129, 25),
      (@p130, @p131, @p132, @p133, @p134, 26),
      (@p135, @p136, @p137, @p138, @p139, 27),
      (@p140, @p141, @p142, @p143, @p144, 28),
      (@p145, @p146, @p147, @p148, @p149, 29),
      (@p150, @p151, @p152, @p153, @p154, 30),
      (@p155, @p156, @p157, @p158, @p159, 31),
      (@p160, @p161, @p162, @p163, @p164, 32),
      (@p165, @p166, @p167, @p168, @p169, 33),
      (@p170, @p171, @p172, @p173, @p174, 34),
      (@p175, @p176, @p177, @p178, @p179, 35),
      (@p180, @p181, @p182, @p183, @p184, 36),
      (@p185, @p186, @p187, @p188, @p189, 37),
      (@p190, @p191, @p192, @p193, @p194, 38),
      (@p195, @p196, @p197, @p198, @p199, 39),
      (@p200, @p201, @p202, @p203, @p204, 40),
      (@p205, @p206, @p207, @p208, @p209, 41)) AS i ([Department], [FirstName], [HireDate], [IsActive], [LastName], _Position) ON 1=0
      WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
      INSERT ([Department], [FirstName], [HireDate], [IsActive], [LastName])
      VALUES (i.[Department], i.[FirstName], i.[HireDate], i.[IsActive], i.[LastName])
      OUTPUT INSERTED.[Id], i._Position;

[06:29:41 INF] Executed DbCommand (2ms) [Parameters=[@p0='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p1='FirstName56043' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p2='2017-10-04T06:29:39.1487602+02:00', @p3='True', @p4='LastName56043' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p5='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p6='FirstName56044' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p7='2015-04-27T06:29:39.1487603+02:00', @p8='False', @p9='LastName56044' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p10='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p11='FirstName56045' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p12='2016-02-16T06:29:39.1487604+01:00', @p13='False', @p14='LastName56045' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p15='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p16='FirstName56046' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p17='2018-03-09T06:29:39.1487605+01:00', @p18='True', @p19='LastName56046' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p20='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p21='FirstName56047' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p22='2023-02-23T06:29:39.1487606+01:00', @p23='False', @p24='LastName56047' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p25='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p26='FirstName56048' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p27='2021-01-20T06:29:39.1487607+01:00', @p28='False', @p29='LastName56048' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p30='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p31='FirstName56049' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p32='2015-12-17T06:29:39.1487608+01:00', @p33='False', @p34='LastName56049' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p35='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p36='FirstName56050' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p37='2016-05-03T06:29:39.1487609+02:00', @p38='True', @p39='LastName56050' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p40='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p41='FirstName56051' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p42='2019-08-11T06:29:39.1487610+02:00', @p43='True', @p44='LastName56051' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p45='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p46='FirstName56052' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p47='2016-11-23T06:29:39.1487611+01:00', @p48='True', @p49='LastName56052' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p50='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p51='FirstName56053' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p52='2021-08-15T06:29:39.1487612+02:00', @p53='False', @p54='LastName56053' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p55='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p56='FirstName56054' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p57='2022-04-15T06:29:39.1487613+02:00', @p58='False', @p59='LastName56054' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p60='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p61='FirstName56055' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p62='2015-08-05T06:29:39.1487614+02:00', @p63='True', @p64='LastName56055' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p65='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p66='FirstName56056' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p67='2021-07-20T06:29:39.1487615+02:00', @p68='False', @p69='LastName56056' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p70='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p71='FirstName56057' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p72='2016-03-19T06:29:39.1487616+01:00', @p73='True', @p74='LastName56057' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p75='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p76='FirstName56058' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p77='2017-02-23T06:29:39.1487617+01:00', @p78='False', @p79='LastName56058' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p80='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p81='FirstName56059' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p82='2016-12-30T06:29:39.1487618+01:00', @p83='True', @p84='LastName56059' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p85='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p86='FirstName56060' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p87='2018-04-26T06:29:39.1487619+02:00', @p88='False', @p89='LastName56060' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p90='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p91='FirstName56061' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p92='2015-08-03T06:29:39.1487620+02:00', @p93='True', @p94='LastName56061' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p95='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p96='FirstName56062' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p97='2021-08-16T06:29:39.1487621+02:00', @p98='False', @p99='LastName56062' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p100='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p101='FirstName56063' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p102='2024-03-21T06:29:39.1487622+01:00', @p103='False', @p104='LastName56063' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p105='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p106='FirstName56064' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p107='2015-09-30T06:29:39.1487623+02:00', @p108='False', @p109='LastName56064' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p110='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p111='FirstName56065' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p112='2022-12-18T06:29:39.1487624+01:00', @p113='False', @p114='LastName56065' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p115='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p116='FirstName56066' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p117='2017-05-25T06:29:39.1487625+02:00', @p118='True', @p119='LastName56066' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p120='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p121='FirstName56067' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p122='2019-10-26T06:29:39.1487629+02:00', @p123='False', @p124='LastName56067' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p125='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p126='FirstName56068' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p127='2016-04-11T06:29:39.1487630+02:00', @p128='True', @p129='LastName56068' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p130='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p131='FirstName56069' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p132='2017-08-02T06:29:39.1487631+02:00', @p133='False', @p134='LastName56069' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p135='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p136='FirstName56070' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p137='2022-10-08T06:29:39.1487632+02:00', @p138='False', @p139='LastName56070' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p140='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p141='FirstName56071' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p142='2019-05-03T06:29:39.1487633+02:00', @p143='False', @p144='LastName56071' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p145='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p146='FirstName56072' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p147='2015-06-14T06:29:39.1487634+02:00', @p148='True', @p149='LastName56072' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p150='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p151='FirstName56073' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p152='2019-02-23T06:29:39.1487635+01:00', @p153='False', @p154='LastName56073' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p155='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p156='FirstName56074' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p157='2017-02-28T06:29:39.1487636+01:00', @p158='False', @p159='LastName56074' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p160='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p161='FirstName56075' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p162='2017-04-02T06:29:39.1487637+02:00', @p163='False', @p164='LastName56075' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p165='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p166='FirstName56076' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p167='2020-10-25T06:29:39.1487638+01:00', @p168='False', @p169='LastName56076' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p170='HR' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p171='FirstName56077' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p172='2024-01-15T06:29:39.1487639+01:00', @p173='True', @p174='LastName56077' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p175='IT' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p176='FirstName56078' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p177='2019-09-17T06:29:39.1487640+02:00', @p178='False', @p179='LastName56078' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p180='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p181='FirstName56079' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p182='2021-12-15T06:29:39.1487641+01:00', @p183='True', @p184='LastName56079' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p185='Finance' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p186='FirstName56080' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p187='2018-12-28T06:29:39.1487642+01:00', @p188='True', @p189='LastName56080' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p190='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p191='FirstName56081' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p192='2020-07-13T06:29:39.1487643+02:00', @p193='False', @p194='LastName56081' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p195='Marketing' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p196='FirstName56082' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p197='2023-04-28T06:29:39.1487644+02:00', @p198='False', @p199='LastName56082' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p200='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p201='FirstName56083' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p202='2023-04-17T06:29:39.1487645+02:00', @p203='False', @p204='LastName56083' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p205='Sales' (Nullable = false) (Size = 50), @p206='FirstName56084' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100), @p207='2017-03-18T06:29:39.1487646+01:00', @p208='False', @p209='LastName56084' (Nullable = false) (Size = 100)], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SET IMPLICIT_TRANSACTIONS OFF;
SET NOCOUNT ON;
MERGE [Employees] USING (
VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2, @p3, @p4, 0),
(@p5, @p6, @p7, @p8, @p9, 1),
(@p10, @p11, @p12, @p13, @p14, 2),
(@p15, @p16, @p17, @p18, @p19, 3),
(@p20, @p21, @p22, @p23, @p24, 4),
(@p25, @p26, @p27, @p28, @p29, 5),
(@p30, @p31, @p32, @p33, @p34, 6),
(@p35, @p36, @p37, @p38, @p39, 7),
(@p40, @p41, @p42, @p43, @p44, 8),
(@p45, @p46, @p47, @p48, @p49, 9),
(@p50, @p51, @p52, @p53, @p54, 10),
(@p55, @p56, @p57, @p58, @p59, 11),
(@p60, @p61, @p62, @p63, @p64, 12),
(@p65, @p66, @p67, @p68, @p69, 13),
(@p70, @p71, @p72, @p73, @p74, 14),
(@p75, @p76, @p77, @p78, @p79, 15),
(@p80, @p81, @p82, @p83, @p84, 16),
(@p85, @p86, @p87, @p88, @p89, 17),
(@p90, @p91, @p92, @p93, @p94, 18),
(@p95, @p96, @p97, @p98, @p99, 19),
(@p100, @p101, @p102, @p103, @p104, 20),
(@p105, @p106, @p107, @p108, @p109, 21),
(@p110, @p111, @p112, @p113, @p114, 22),
(@p115, @p116, @p117, @p118, @p119, 23),
(@p120, @p121, @p122, @p123, @p124, 24),
(@p125, @p126, @p127, @p128, @p129, 25),
(@p130, @p131, @p132, @p133, @p134, 26),
(@p135, @p136, @p137, @p138, @p139, 27),
(@p140, @p141, @p142, @p143, @p144, 28),
(@p145, @p146, @p147, @p148, @p149, 29),
(@p150, @p151, @p152, @p153, @p154, 30),
(@p155, @p156, @p157, @p158, @p159, 31),
(@p160, @p161, @p162, @p163, @p164, 32),
(@p165, @p166, @p167, @p168, @p169, 33),
(@p170, @p171, @p172, @p173, @p174, 34),
(@p175, @p176, @p177, @p178, @p179, 35),
(@p180, @p181, @p182, @p183, @p184, 36),
(@p185, @p186, @p187, @p188, @p189, 37),
(@p190, @p191, @p192, @p193, @p194, 38),
(@p195, @p196, @p197, @p198, @p199, 39),
(@p200, @p201, @p202, @p203, @p204, 40),
(@p205, @p206, @p207, @p208, @p209, 41)) AS i ([Department], [FirstName], [HireDate], [IsActive], [LastName], _Position) ON 1=0
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT ([Department], [FirstName], [HireDate], [IsActive], [LastName])
VALUES (i.[Department], i.[FirstName], i.[HireDate], i.[IsActive], i.[LastName])
OUTPUT INSERTED.[Id], i._Position;

Include provider and version information

EF Core version: 8.0.11
Database provider: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer
Target framework: .NET 8.0
Operating system: Windows 11, Windows Server 2019

[roji]

Your sample includes lots of components, such as GraphQL, ASP.NET, etc. To relliably benchmark and isolate EF specifically, please extract the EF code into a minimal BenchmarkDotNet benchmark, using the [MemoryDiagnoer] to get memory results. At that point, if you still see unreasonable memory usage, please post the benchmark along with the results and we'll investigate.

[roji]

BTW I'm noticing that you're instantiating 100k objects for the seeding, that in itself will already use up quite a lot of memory, which the GC won't necesary recollect right away (if it doesn't need to).

I'd advise using a memory profiler to see what the actual objects are which take up memory. You can also extract out the seeding to an external program, to isolate that as well.