-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
index.html
363 lines (334 loc) · 14.6 KB
/
index.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Effective altruism</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">
<link href="build/css/normalize.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="build/css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Indie+Flower|Rock+Salt" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<div class="burger" id="burger">
<div class="bar1"></div>
<div class="bar2"></div>
<div class="bar3"></div>
</div>
<ul class="navbar hidden" id="navbar">
<li><a href="#intro">intro</a></li>
<li><a href="#growth">growth</a></li>
<li><a href="#movement">movement</a></li>
<li><a href="#ideas">ideas</a></li>
<li><a href="#criticism">criticism</a></li>
<li><a href="#more">more</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<main id="main">
<section class="title parallax" id="title">
<h1>An overview of effective altruism</h1>
</section>
<section id="intro">
<h2>intro</h2>
<p>Effective altruism is about doing the most good you can. This might be
through donating to charities who have demonstrated their effectiveness or
it might be through choice of career. It's a loose movement of people
guided by evidence rather than their gut.</p>
<div class="icon-graphic graphic-intro" id="graphic-intro">
<span class="ion-erlenmeyer-flask icon-science" id="icon-science"></span>
<span class="ion-heart icon-heart" id="icon-heart"></span>
</div>
</section>
<div class="growth-image parallax">
</div>
<section id="growth">
<h2>growth</h2>
<p>1971: The seeds were sown by Peter Singer's <a target="_blank"
href="https://www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/1972----.htm">Famine,
Affluence and Morality</a>.
<blockquote class="quote"
cite="https://www.utilitarian.net/singer/by/1972----.htm"> If it is in
our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby
sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally,
to do it. </blockquote> <p>Taking this idea to its logical conclusion,
Singer suggests that we ought to give until we reach the level of <span
class="tooltip">marginal utility<span class="tooltip-text">The point at
which, by giving more, you'd reach the same level as the people you're
helping.</span></span><a href="#1" class="ref">[1]</a>.</p>
<p>The rise of charity evaluators has made it easier to decide where to
give based on evidence.</p>
<div class="timeline" id="timeline">
<h3>Timeline of Charity Evaluators</h3>
<div id="curve_chart">
</div>
<div class="timeline-buttons">
<div class="timeline-back timeline-button unselectable" id="timeline-back">
<
</div>
<div class="timeline-forward timeline-button unselectable" id="timeline-forward">
>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="#2" class="ref">[2]</a>
</section>
<div class="movement-image parallax">
</div>
<section id="movement" class="movement">
<h2>movement</h2>
<p>The term <span class="quote">effective altruism</span> came in to use
around 2010<a href="#3" class="ref">[3]</a>.</p>
<h3>big players:</h3>
<p>Since 2007, <a href="http://www.givewell.org"
target="_blank">GiveWell</a> has been making it easier to decide where
to give by providing in-depth analysis and <span
class="tooltip">evaluation<span class="tooltip-text">Criteria: evidence
that programs work, cost effectiveness, room for funding,
transparency.</span></span> of charities<a href="#4"
class="ref">[4]</a>. In 2015 they estimate to have moved $110,135,779 to
their top picks<a href="#5" class="ref">[5]</a>.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.givingwhatwecan.org" target="_blank">Giving What We
Can</a> launched in 2009, and now has 2,716 members who have donated a
total of $22,242,740. Each member pledges to give 10% of their income,
amounting to an estimated <span class="tooltip">$1.3 billion<span
class="tooltip-text">A prediction based on members' current age and their
own estimates of their future salary.</span></span> pledged so far<a
class="ref" href="#6">[6]</a>.</p>
<p>Taking a gentler approach, <a href="https://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/"
target="_blank">The Life You Can Save</a> suggests pledging a minimum of
1% of your income, scaling it up for those with larger salaries. Their
18,798 members are estimated to have donated $1.35 million to highly
effective charities in 2015<a href="#7" class="ref">[7]</a>.</p>
<p><a href="https://80000hours.org/" target="_blank">80,000 hours</a>
helps people find careers where they can do the most good. As of 2015 they
led to 188 significant career changes based on their research<a href="#8"
class="ref">[8]</a>.</p>
</section>
<div class="ideas-image parallax">
</div>
<section id="ideas">
<h2>ideas</h2>
<h3>your opportunity</h3>
<blockquote class="quote"
cite="https://www.effectivealtruism.org/articles/introduction-to-effective-altruism/#your-opportunity">
Imagine if, one day, you saw a burning building, kicked the door down,
ran in and rescued a small child. You'd feel like a hero - it would be
one of the most important days of your life. What the evidence shows
is that you can do that, every one or two years, for the rest of your
working life.
</blockquote>
<div class="perlife">
<div class="perlife-text"><p>The average salary in the UK is
£26,468<a class="ref" href="#9">[9]</a> - within the richest 3%
globally<a class="ref" href="#10">[10]</a>. 10% of this is enough to save
<span class="tooltip">1 life per year<span class="tooltip-text">GiveWell
estimates that the average cost to save a life through it's
recommended interventions is about £2,500.</span></span><a class="ref"
href="#11">[11]</a>, and you'd still be in the richest 4%.</p></div>
<div class="perlife-cost">
<div class="cost">£2500</div>to save a life
</div>
</div>
<h3>more for your money</h3>
<p><span class="tooltip">80% of all blindness<span
class="tooltip-text">That's 31 million people, 90% of whom live in
the developing world.</span></span> is preventable<a class="ref"
href="#12">[12]</a>. In the UK it costs about £50,000 to train and
support a guide dog<a class="ref" href="#13">[13]</a>. In developing
countries <span class="tooltip">cataract<span class="tooltip-text">In
low-income countries unoperated cataracts are the leading cause of
blindless.</span></span> surgery costs £30<a class="ref" href="#14">[14]</a>.</p>
<p>That's over 1500 people saved from blindness for the price of 1 guide dog.</p>
<div class="icon-graphic graphic-blindness" id="graphic-blindness">
<div class="icon-single" id="icon-single">
<span class="ion-man"></span>
<span class="ion-arrow-right-c arrow"></span>
</div>
<div class="icon-many" id="icon-many">
<img alt="1500 man icons" src="img/1500-men.jpg">
</div>
</div>
<h3>career</h3>
<p>You have about 80,000 working hours in your lifetime<a href="#15"
class="ref">[15]</a>. This provides a massive potential to do good.
For some people this will mean doing good directly, e.g. as a doctor or
working for a non-profit. For others it will be less direct such as
through research, advocacy or earning to give<a href="#15"
class="ref">[16]</a>.</p>
</section>
<div class="criticism-image parallax">
</div>
<section id="criticism">
<h2>criticism</h2>
<h3>Painting vs Child</h3>
<p>You see a burning building. Inside there's a <span
class="tooltip">picasso painting<span class="tooltip-text">'Women of
Algiers' sold in 2015 for £115m/$179m. That's enough to save over
40,000 lives.</span></span> and a child<a href="#16"
class="ref">[17]</a>. You only have time to save
one of them - which do you save? Effective altruism suggests you should
<span class="tooltip">save the painting<span
class="tooltip-text">According to Will MacAskill, co-founder of 80,000
hours, Giving What We Can and the Centre for Effective
Altruism.</span></span><a href="#17" class="ref">[18]</a>.</p>
<h3>Is effective altruism ineffective?</h3>
<p>People give less when <span class="tooltip">shown statistics<span
class="tooltip-text">This is known as the 'indentifiable victim
effect'.</span></span> about suffering compared to an anecdote. In
fact people even give less when shown both rather than just the anecdote.
Could effective altruism lead people to donate less, albeit more
effectively?<a href="#18" class="ref">[19]</a></p>
</section>
<div class="more-image parallax">
</div>
<section id="more" class="more">
<h2>more</h2>
<div class="twitter">
<a class="twitter-timeline"
data-dnt="true"
href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/effectivealtruism"
data-widget-id="838736466113138689"
data-height="500">
#effectivealtruism Tweets
</a>
</div>
<div class="links">
<h3>Interesting things</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.samharris.org/podcast/item/being-good-and-doing-good" target="_blank">Sam Harris chatting with Will MacAskill</a></li>
<li><a href="https://youtu.be/Qslo4-DpzPs" target="_blank">Intelligence Squared Debate</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/gl20/GeorgeLoewenstein/Papers_files/pdf/identifiable-victim.pdf" target="_blank">Explaining the Identifiable Victim Effect</a></li>
<li><a href="https://80000hours.org/career-guide/job-satisfaction/" target="_blank">80,000 Hours looks into job satisfaction</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span class="top-button unselectable" id="top-button">^</span>
</section>
<footer>
<div class="sources">
<h4>Sources</h4>
<ol class="source-list" id="source-list">
<li id="1">
[1]
<a href="https://youtu.be/NBWWX4ViD3E?t=247">
Talks at Google: Peter Singer
</a>
</li>
<li id="2">
[2]
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_nonprofit_evaluation">
Wikipedia: Timeline of Nonprofit Evaluation
</a>
</li>
<li id="3">
[3]
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_altruism#History_as_a_social_movement">
Wikipedia: Effective altruism
</a>
</li>
<li id="4">
[4]
<a href="http://www.givewell.org/how-we-work/criteria">
GiveWell Evaluation Criteria
</a>
</li>
<li id="5">
[5]
<a href="http://www.givewell.org/about/impact">
GiveWell Our Impact
</a>
</li>
<li id="6">
[6]
<a href="https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/about-us/history/#a-growing-movement">
Giving What We Can History
</a>
</li>
<li id="7">
[7]
<a href="https://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/Take-the-Pledge">
The Life You Can Save Pledge
</a>
</li>
<li id="8">
[8]
<a href="https://80000hours.org/about/impact/">
80,000 Hours Impact
</a>
</li>
<li id="9">
[9]
<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/timeseries/kab9/emp">
ONS Average Pay
</a>
</li>
<li id="10">
[10]
<a href="https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/get-involved/how-rich-am-i/">
Giving What We Can Calculator
</a>
</li>
<li id="11">
[11]
<a href="http://www.givewell.org/how-we-work/our-criteria/cost-effectiveness/cost-effectiveness-models">
GiveWell Cost Effectiveness Models
</a>
</li>
<li id="12">
[12]
<a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/">
WHO Factsheet</a>
</li>
<li id="13">
[13]
<a href="https://www.guidedogs.org.uk/media/3701632/Cost-of-a-guide-dog-2013.pdf">
Guidedogs.org
</a>
</li>
<li id="14">
[14]
<a href="https://www.sightsavers.org/what-we-do/sight/">
Sightsavers
</a>
</li>
<li id="15">
[15]
<a href="https://80000hours.org/">
80,000 Hours
</a>
</li>
<li id="16">
[16]
<a href="https://80000hours.org/career-guide/high-impact-jobs/">
80,000 Hours High Impact Jobs
</a>
</li>
<li id="17">
[17]
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/pablo-picasso-les-femmes-dalger-version-o-sells-for-179m-and-sets-new-world-record-10243056.html">
The Independent: Picasso Sets New Record
</a>
</li>
<li id="18">
[18]
<a href="https://youtu.be/Qslo4-DpzPs">
Intelligence Squared Debate
</a>
</li>
<li id="19">
[19]
<a href="http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/to-increase-charitable-donations-appeal-to-the-heart-not-the-head/">
University of Pennsylvania Publication
</a>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</footer>
</main>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="build/js/all.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>