disk-burnin.sh

#!/bin/sh
########################################################################
#
# disk-burnin.sh
#
# A script to simplify the process of burning-in disks. Intended for use
# only on disks which do not contain valuable data, such as new disks or
# disks which are being tested or re-purposed.
#
# Be aware that:
#
#   1> This script runs the badblocks program in destructive mode, which
#      erases any data on the disk.
#
#   !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
#   !!!!!        WILL DESTROY THE DISK CONTENTS! BE CAREFUL!        !!!!!
#   !!!!! DO NOT RUN THIS SCRIPT ON DISKS CONTAINING DATA YOU VALUE !!!!!
#   !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
#
#   2> Run times for large disks can take several days to complete, so it
#      is a good idea to use tmux sessions to prevent mishaps. 
#
#   3> Must be run as 'root'.
# 
#   4> Tests of large drives can take days to complete: use tmux!
#
# Performs these steps:
#
#   1> Run SMART short test
#   2> Run SMART extended test
#   3> Run badblocks
#   4> Run SMART short test
#   5> Run SMART extended test
#
# The script sleeps after starting each SMART test, using a duration 
# based on the polling interval reported by the disk, after which the
# script will poll the disk to verify the self-test has completed.
#
# Full SMART information is pulled after each SMART test. All output
# except for the sleep command is echoed to both the screen and log file.
#
# You should monitor the burn-in progress and watch for errors, particularly
# any errors reported by badblocks, or these SMART errors:
#
#   5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   
# 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 
# 197 Current_Pending_Sector  
# 198 Offline_Uncorrectable   
#
# These indicate possible problems with the drive. You therefore may
# wish to abort the remaining tests and proceed with an RMA exchange
# for new drives or discard old ones. Also please note that this list
# is not exhaustive.
#
# The script extracts the drive model and serial number and forms
# a log filename of the form 'burnin-[model]_[serial number].log'.
#
# badblocks is invoked with a block size of 4096, the -wsv options, and
# the -o option to instruct it to write the list of bad blocks found (if
# any) to a file named 'burnin-[model]_[serial number].bb'. 
# 
# The only required command-line argument is the device specifier, e.g.:
#
#   ./disk-burnin.sh sda 
#
# ...will run the burn-in test on device /dev/sda
#
# You can run the script in 'dry run mode' (see below) to check the sleep
# duration calculations and to insure that the sequence of commands suits
# your needs. In 'dry runs' the script does not actually perform any 
# SMART tests or invoke the sleep or badblocks programs. The script is
# distributed with 'dry runs' enabled, so you will need to edit the
# Dry_Run variable below, setting it to 0, in order to actually perform
# tests on drives.
# 
# Before using the script on FreeBSD systems (including FreeNAS) you must
# first execute this sysctl command to alter the kernel's geometry debug
# flags. This allows badblocks to write to the entire disk:
#
#   sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10
# 
# Tested under:
#   FreeNAS 9.10.2 (FreeBSD 10.3-STABLE)
#   Ubuntu Server 16.04.2 LTS
#
# Tested on:
#   Intel DC S3700 SSD
#   Intel Model 320 Series SSD
#   HGST Deskstar NAS (HDN724040ALE640)
#   Hitachi/HGST Ultrastar 7K4000 (HUS724020ALE640)
#   Western Digital Re (WD4000FYYZ)
#   Western Digital Black (WD6001FZWX)
#
# Requires the smartmontools, available at https://www.smartmontools.org
#
# Uses: grep, pcregrep, awk, sed, tr, sleep, badblocks
#
# Written by Keith Nash, March 2017
# 
# KN, 8 Apr 2017:
#   Added minimum test durations because some devices don't return accurate values.
#   Added code to clean up the log file, removing copyright notices, etc.
#   No longer echo 'smartctl -t' output to log file as it imparts no useful information.
#   Emit test results after tests instead of full 'smartctl -a' output.
#   Emit full 'smartctl -x' output at the end of all testing.
#   Minor changes to log output and formatting.
# 
# KN, 12 May 2017:
#   Added code to poll the disk and check for completed self-tests.
# 
#   As noted above, some disks don't report accurate values for the short and extended
#   self-test intervals, sometimes by a significant amount. The original approach using 
#   'fudge' factors wasn't reliable and the script would finish even though the SMART
#   self-tests had not completed. The new polling code helps insure that this doesn't
#   happen.
#   
#   Fixed code to work around annoying differences between sed's behavior on Linux and
#   FreeBSD.
#
# KN, 8 Jun 2017
#   Modified parsing of short and extended test durations to accommodate the values
#   returned by larger drives; we needed to strip out the '(' and ')' characters
#   surrounding the integer value in order to fetch it reliably.
# 
########################################################################

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
  echo "Error: not enough arguments!"
  echo "Usage is: $0 drive_device_specifier"
  exit 2
fi

Drive=$1

# Set Dry_Run to a non-zero value to test out the script without actually
# running any tests: set it to zero when you are ready to burn-in disks.

Dry_Run=1

# Directory specifiers for log and badblocks data files. Leave off the 
# trailing slash:

Log_Dir="."
BB_Dir="."

########################################################################
#
# Prologue
#
########################################################################

# Obtain the disk model and serial number:

Disk_Model=$(smartctl -i /dev/"$Drive" | grep "Device Model" | awk '{print $3, $4, $5}' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' | sed -e 's/ /_/')

if [ -z "$Disk_Model" ]; then
  Disk_Model=$(smartctl -i /dev/"$Drive" | grep "Model Family" | awk '{print $3, $4, $5}' | sed -e 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' | sed -e 's/ /_/')
fi

Serial_Number=$(smartctl -i /dev/"$Drive" | grep "Serial Number" | awk '{print $3}' | sed -e 's/ /_/')

# Form the log and bad blocks data filenames:

Log_File="burnin-${Disk_Model}_${Serial_Number}.log"
Log_File=$Log_Dir/$Log_File

BB_File="burnin-${Disk_Model}_${Serial_Number}.bb"
BB_File=$BB_Dir/$BB_File

# Query the short and extended test duration, in minutes. Use the values to
# calculate how long we should sleep after starting the SMART tests:

Short_Test_Minutes=$(smartctl -c /dev/"$Drive" | pcregrep -M "Short self-test routine.*\n.*recommended polling time:" | sed -e 's/)//;s/(//' | awk '{print $4}' | tr -d '\n')
#printf "Short_Test_Minutes=[%s]\n" ${Short_Test_Minutes}

Extended_Test_Minutes=$(smartctl -c /dev/"$Drive" | pcregrep -M "Extended self-test routine.*\n.*recommended polling time:" | sed -e 's/)//;s/(//' | awk '{print $4}' | tr -d '\n')
#printf "Extended_Test_Minutes=[%s]\n" ${Extended_Test_Minutes}

Short_Test_Sleep=$((Short_Test_Minutes*60))
Extended_Test_Sleep=$((Extended_Test_Minutes*60))

# Selftest polling timeout interval, in hours
Poll_Timeout_Hours=4

# Calculate the selftest polling timeout interval in seconds
Poll_Timeout=$((Poll_Timeout_Hours*60*60))

# Polling sleep interval, in seconds:
Poll_Interval=15

########################################################################
#
# Local functions
#
########################################################################

echo_str()
{
  echo "$1" | tee -a "$Log_File"
}

push_header()
{
  echo_str "+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------"
}

poll_selftest_complete()
{
  l_rv=1
  l_status=0
  l_done=0
  l_pollduration=0

# Check SMART results for "The previous self-test routine completed"
# Return 0 if the test has completed, 1 if we exceed our polling timeout interval

  while [ $l_done -eq 0 ];
  do  
    smartctl -a /dev/"$Drive" | grep -i "The previous self-test routine completed" > /dev/null 2<&1
    l_status=$?
    if [ $l_status -eq 0 ]; then
      echo_str "SMART self-test complete"
      l_rv=0
      l_done=1
    else
      # Check for failure    
      smartctl -a /dev/"$Drive" | grep -i "of the test failed." > /dev/null 2<&1
      l_status=$?
      if [ $l_status -eq 0 ]; then
        echo_str "SMART self-test failed"
        l_rv=0
        l_done=1
      else
        if [ $l_pollduration -ge "${Poll_Timeout}" ]; then
          echo_str "Timeout polling for SMART self-test status"
          l_done=1
        else
          sleep ${Poll_Interval}
          l_pollduration=$((l_pollduration+Poll_Interval))
        fi
      fi
    fi
  done

  return $l_rv
} 

run_short_test()
{
  push_header
  echo_str "+ Run SMART short test on drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
  push_header
  if [ "${Dry_Run}" -eq 0 ]; then
    smartctl -t short /dev/"$Drive"
    echo_str "Short test started, sleeping ${Short_Test_Sleep} seconds until it finishes"
    sleep ${Short_Test_Sleep}
    poll_selftest_complete
    smartctl -l selftest /dev/"$Drive" | tee -a "$Log_File"
  else
    echo_str "Dry run: would start the SMART short test and sleep ${Short_Test_Sleep} seconds until the test finishes"
  fi
  echo_str "Finished SMART short test on drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
}

run_extended_test()
{
  push_header
  echo_str "+ Run SMART extended test on drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
  push_header
  if [ "${Dry_Run}" -eq 0 ]; then
    smartctl -t long /dev/"$Drive"
    echo_str "Extended test started, sleeping ${Extended_Test_Sleep} seconds until it finishes"
    sleep ${Extended_Test_Sleep}
    poll_selftest_complete
    smartctl -l selftest /dev/"$Drive" | tee -a "$Log_File"
  else
    echo_str "Dry run: would start the SMART extended test and sleep ${Extended_Test_Sleep} seconds until the test finishes"
  fi
  echo_str "Finished SMART extended test on drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
}

run_badblocks_test()
{
  push_header
  echo_str "+ Run badblocks test on drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
  push_header
  if [ "${Dry_Run}" -eq 0 ]; then
#
#   This is the command which erases all data on the disk:
#
    badblocks -b 4096 -wsv -o "$BB_File" /dev/"$Drive"
  else
    echo_str "Dry run: would run badblocks -b 4096 -wsv -o ${BB_File} /dev/${Drive}"
  fi
  echo_str "Finished badblocks test on drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
}

########################################################################
#
# Action begins here
#
########################################################################

if [ -e "$Log_File" ]; then
  rm "$Log_File"
fi

push_header
echo_str "+ Started burn-in of /dev/${Drive} : $(date)"
push_header

echo_str "Host: $(hostname)"
echo_str "Drive Model: ${Disk_Model}"
echo_str "Serial Number: ${Serial_Number}"
echo_str "Short test duration: ${Short_Test_Minutes} minutes"
echo_str "Short test sleep duration: ${Short_Test_Sleep} seconds"
echo_str "Extended test duration: ${Extended_Test_Minutes} minutes"
echo_str "Extended test sleep duration: ${Extended_Test_Sleep} seconds"
echo_str "Log file: ${Log_File}"
echo_str "Bad blocks file: ${BB_File}"

# Run the test sequence:
run_short_test
run_extended_test
run_badblocks_test
run_short_test
run_extended_test

# Emit full device information to log:
push_header
echo_str "+ SMART information for drive /dev/${Drive}: $(date)"
push_header
smartctl -x /dev/"$Drive" | tee -a "$Log_File"

push_header
echo_str "+ Finished burn-in of /dev/${Drive} : $(date)"
push_header

# Clean up the log file:

osflavor=$(uname)

if [ "${osflavor}" = "Linux" ]; then
  sed -i -e '/Copyright/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i -e '/=== START OF READ/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i -e '/SMART Attributes Data/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i -e '/Vendor Specific SMART/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i -e '/SMART Error Log Version/d' "${Log_File}"
fi

if [ "${osflavor}" = "FreeBSD" ]; then
  sed -i '' -e '/Copyright/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i '' -e '/=== START OF READ/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i '' -e '/SMART Attributes Data/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i '' -e '/Vendor Specific SMART/d' "${Log_File}"
  sed -i '' -e '/SMART Error Log Version/d' "${Log_File}"
fi