diff --git a/praat/dwtools/manual_KlattGrid.cpp b/praat/dwtools/manual_KlattGrid.cpp index 39d757ec..36d488fe 100644 --- a/praat/dwtools/manual_KlattGrid.cpp +++ b/praat/dwtools/manual_KlattGrid.cpp @@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ Settings ################################################################################ "KlattGrid: Extract oral formant grid (open phases)..." © David Weenink 2009-04-21 - +)~~~" R"~~~( Extracts the oral formant grid as used in the synthesis, i.e. the resulting grid contains the informantion from the oral formant grid and the delta formant grid combined during the open phase of the glottis. diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_commands.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_commands.cpp index 191f9b7a..6fea3228 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_commands.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_commands.cpp @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ Macintosh If you are user #miep, your Praat preferences folder will be `/Users/miep/Library/Preferences/Praat Prefs/`. Linux -===== +=====)~~~" R"~~~( If your home folder is #`/home/miep/`, your Praat preferences folder will be `/home/miep/.praat-dir/`. ################################################################################ diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_functions.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_functions.cpp index a8409cdb..ff666658 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_functions.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_functions.cpp @@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ A growing list of functions that you can use in @formulas and @scripting... , @`randomUniform` (%`min`, %`max`) – uniformly distributed random deviate , @`randomUniform#` (%`n`, %`min`, %`max`) – %n independent uniformly distributed random numbers , @`randomUniform#` (%`vector#`, %min, %max) – duplicate %`vector#`, - and replace all elements with independent uniformly distributed random numbers + and replace all elements with independent uniformly distributed random numbers)~~~" R"~~~( , @`randomUniform##` (%`nrow`, %`ncol`, %`min`, %`max`) – %`nrow` \xx %`ncol` independent uniformly distributed random numbers , @`randomUniform##` (%`matrix##`, %`min`, %`max`) – duplicate %`matrix##`, and replace all cells with independent uniformly distributed random numbers @@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ A growing list of functions that you can use in @formulas and @scripting... , @`readLinesFromFile$#` (%`filePath$`) – read all lines from a text file , @`rectify` (%`x`) – set to zero if negative (no change if positive) , @`rectify#` (%`vector#`) – rectify each element of %`vector#` -, @`rectify##` (%`matrix##`) – rectify each cell of %`matrix##`)~~~" R"~~~( +, @`rectify##` (%`matrix##`) – rectify each cell of %`matrix##` , @`removeObject` (`...`) – remove objects from the list, by ID and/or name , @`repeat#` (%`v#`, %`n`) – repeat the whole sequence of elements of %`v#` %`n` times , @`replace$` (%`a$`, %`b$`, %`c$`, %`n`) – within %`a$`, replace the first %`n` occurrences of %`b$` with %`c$`, or all if %`n` = 0 @@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ Tests "`arctan#`" © Paul Boersma 2023 -A function that can be used in @@Formulas@. +A function that can be used in @@Formulas@.)~~~" R"~~~( Syntax and semantics ==================== @@ -784,7 +784,7 @@ Examples This is an assertion that is satisfied: { a = 5*6 - \#{assert} a = 30)~~~" R"~~~( + \#{assert} a = 30 writeInfoLine: a } This is an assertion that is violated: @@ -1201,7 +1201,7 @@ A function that can be used in @@Formulas@. Syntax and semantics ==================== -#`cos#` (%`v#`) +#`cos#` (%`v#`))~~~" R"~~~( : compute the cosine (@`cos`) of each element of the vector %`v#`. ################################################################################ @@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ Syntax and semantics : determine whether the user clicked in the Demo window. Usage -=====)~~~" R"~~~( +===== This function is usually called after a user event has been detected (with @`demoWaitForInput`), and is typically followed by determing the location of the click (with @`demoX`) and @`demoY`, or with @`demoClickedIn`). @@ -1807,7 +1807,7 @@ Syntax and semantics Related function ================ The inverse of #`exp` is @`ln`. - +)~~~" R"~~~( ################################################################################ "`exp#`" © Paul Boersma 2023 @@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ Syntax and semantics ################################################################################ "`from_to_count#`" © Paul Boersma 2023-06-30 -)~~~" R"~~~( + A function that can be used in @@Formulas@. Syntax and semantics @@ -2383,7 +2383,7 @@ The possible results are all real numbers. A function that can be used in @@Formulas@. Syntax and semantics -==================== +====================)~~~" R"~~~( #`invSigmoid#` (%`v#`) : compute the inverse sigmoid (@`invSigmoid`) of each element of the vector %`v#`. @@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ Checks on the types of the arguments (always has to be matrix, number, number, n asserterror The third argument of the function “part##” should be ... a number (the end row), not a string. a## = part## (m##, 4, "hello", 66, 99) - +)~~~" R"~~~( asserterror The third argument of the function “part##” should be ... a number (the end row), not a numeric vector. a## = part## (m##, 4, { 0 }, 66, 99) @@ -3019,7 +3019,7 @@ Syntax and semantics : format a number as a string, with a trailing percent sign and %`precision` digits after the decimal point. -################################################################################)~~~" R"~~~( +################################################################################ "`phonToDifferenceLimens`" © Paul Boersma 2002, 2023 @@ -3359,7 +3359,7 @@ Syntax and semantics : generate %`n` independent uniformly distributed (@`randomUniform`) numbers. #`randomUniform#` (%`model#`, %`min`, %`max`) -: create a vector with the same number of elements as %`model#`, +: create a vector with the same number of elements as %`model#`,)~~~" R"~~~( and fill all elements with independent uniformly distributed numbers. This is shorthand for doing {; @@ -3530,7 +3530,7 @@ Syntax and semantics ################################################################################ "`replace$`" © Paul Boersma 2023 -)~~~" R"~~~( + A function that can be used in @Formulas. Syntax and semantics @@ -3920,7 +3920,7 @@ Assume that at the start of the following script, the list of objects is empty: pulses = To PointProcess (cc) plusObject: sound } -At this point, the list of objects will contain three objects, +At this point, the list of objects will contain three objects,)~~~" R"~~~( which will look as follows (ID, type name, given name), where the two that stand selected are given in bold: ` @@ -4478,7 +4478,7 @@ Syntax and semantics #`tan#` (%`v#`) : compute the tangent (@`tan`) of each element of the vector %`v#`. -################################################################################)~~~" R"~~~( +################################################################################ "`tan##`" © Paul Boersma 2023 @@ -4516,7 +4516,7 @@ Syntax and semantics : compute the hyperbolic tangent (@`tanh`) of each element of the vector %`v#`. ################################################################################ -"`tanh##`" +"`tanh##`")~~~" R"~~~( © Paul Boersma 2023 A function that can be used in @@Formulas@. diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_licenses.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_licenses.cpp index 128569bd..f0c182b8 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_licenses.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_licenses.cpp @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ Here is the Unicode Inc. license text: This is the license under which Praat as a whole is distributed. ` - GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE)~~~" R"~~~( Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ This is the license under which Praat as a whole is distributed. suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made. - +)~~~" R"~~~( If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the @@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ This is the license under which Praat as a whole is distributed. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs - +)~~~" R"~~~( If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_pitch.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_pitch.cpp index c2df5f7a..03664fb1 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_pitch.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_pitch.cpp @@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ windowed signal by the autocorrelation function of the window: ~ %r_%x (%\ta) \~~ %r__%xw_ (%\ta) / %r_%w (%\ta) -The pitch is basically determined as the inverse of the time (%lag) where the autocorrelation function %r +The pitch is basically determined as the inverse of the time (%lag) where the autocorrelation function %r)~~~" R"~~~( has its maximum. However, there are likely to be multiple peaks in %r, and all of these can be %%pitch candidates%. For each moment in time (e.g. every 10 ms), the algorithm determines the (typically) 15 highest peaks in %r, @@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ the attenuation of higher candidates will then have the exact same shape: One logarithmic mark left: 1200, "yes", "yes", "yes", "" One logarithmic mark right: 1200, "no", "yes", "no", "top" Text bottom: "no", "attenuation" - Text left: "yes", "pitch (Hz)" + Text left: "yes", "pitch (Hz)")~~~" R"~~~( Colour: colour# Line width: 3 attenuationAtFloor = 0.03 ^ (50/1200)^2 diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_programming.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_programming.cpp index fa9ad859..79485f37 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_programming.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_programming.cpp @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ on all platforms can meanwhile open and view all these versions correctly. 8. Interpreting trigraphs ========================= -The example above contains several phonetic symbols, and it is not always easy to type those into a text field. +The example above contains several phonetic symbols, and it is not always easy to type those into a text field.)~~~" R"~~~( For this reason, Praat provides %trigraphs for most phonetic characters, as well as for many non-ASCII characters used in the languages of the world. For instance, the vowel “ɔ” (a “turned c”) can be typed as `\\ct` into the TextGrid window as well as anywhere else in Praat where you want to draw graphical text diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_sound.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_sound.cpp index ad7fb85b..ec3193de 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_sound.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_sound.cpp @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ The spectral values at frequencies between 400 and 7900 Hz are set to zero. Between 200 and 400 Hz and between 7900 and 8100 Hz, the values are multiplied by a raised sine, so as to give a smooth transition without ringing in the time domain (the raised sine also allows us to view the spectrum as a sum of spectral bands). Finally, a backward Fourier transform gives us the filtered sound. - +)~~~" R"~~~( The remaining part of the spectrum is divided into %%critical bands%, i.e. frequency bands one Bark wide. For instance, the first critical band run from 300 to 406 Hz, the second from 406 to 520 Hz, and so on. Each critical band is converted to a pass-band filtered sound by means of the backward Fourier transform. @@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ This filter has an in-place version: @@Sound: Filter with one formant (in-place) ################################################################################ "Sound: Filter with one formant (in-place)..." © Paul Boersma 2017-11-14 - +)~~~" R"~~~( A command to filter every selected @Sound object in-place, with a single formant of a specified frequency and bandwidth. This is the in-place version of @@Sound: Filter (one formant)...@, @@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ Settings If %t_1 is not less than %t_2, the entire time domain of the sound is considered. ##Interpolation -: the interpolation method (#none, #parabolic, #cubic, #sinc70, #sinc700) of the @@vector peak interpolation@. +: the interpolation method (#none, #parabolic, #cubic, #sinc70, #sinc700) of the @@vector peak interpolation@.)~~~" R"~~~( The standard is “sinc70” because a Sound object is normally a sampled band-limited signal, which can be seen as a sum of sinc functions. @@ -1830,7 +1830,7 @@ Sound pressure calibration Your computer's sound-recording software returns integer values between -32768 and 32767. Praat divides them by 32768 before putting them into a Sound object, so that the values in the Sound objects are always between -1 and +1. - +)~~~" R"~~~( The Praat program considers these numbers to be air pressures in units of Pascal, but they are probably not the actual true air pressures that went into the microphone. For how to obtain the true air pressures, perform a @@sound pressure calibration@. @@ -2208,7 +2208,7 @@ If you consider the sounds outside their time domains as #similar to what they a the discretized formula in 1 should be based on the average over the jointly defined values of %f[%\ta] and %g[%t−%\ta], without counting any multiplications of values outside the time domains. Suppose that %f is defined on the time domain [0, 1.2] with the value of 1 everywhere, -and %g is defined on the time domain [0, 3] with the value 1 everywhere. +and %g is defined on the time domain [0, 3] with the value 1 everywhere.)~~~" R"~~~( Their cross-correlation under the assumption that they are #zero elsewhere is then { 5x3 short = Create Sound from formula: "short", 1, 0.0, 1.2, 1000, ~ 1 diff --git a/praat/fon/manual_whatsnew.cpp b/praat/fon/manual_whatsnew.cpp index 2dde99f8..8120b947 100644 --- a/praat/fon/manual_whatsnew.cpp +++ b/praat/fon/manual_whatsnew.cpp @@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ What used to be new? • TextGrid window: repaired a bug introduced in 6.2.10 by which a click in the boundary insertion circle would copy the contents of a new interval from another tier (if that other tier stood selected). -##6.2.13# (18 May 2022) +##6.2.13# (18 May 2022))~~~" R"~~~( • Playing a sound on the Mac: prevented an audible click at the end of audio output (appending a silence at the end is no longer needed). • FormantPath window: more flexible visualization. • New versions of PortAudio and Unicode. @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ What used to be new? • TextGrid window: removed a bug that caused Praat to crash when option-clicking or command-clicking a boundary when another boundary was selected on a point tier. • @@Record Sound (fixed time)...@: removed a bug that caused Praat to crash with certain combinations of duration and sampling frequency on Windows. • PowerCepstrogram: more precise integration, so that the cepstral peak prominence is now a continuous function of time. -• TextGrid: Get points (preceded): removed a bug that caused Praat to crash under some edge conditions.)~~~" R"~~~( +• TextGrid: Get points (preceded): removed a bug that caused Praat to crash under some edge conditions. • Scripting: @`tryToWriteFile` () and @`tryToAppendFile` () should not be available in manuals. ##6.1.36# (6 December 2020) @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ then dragged the mouse out of that window, then released the mouse button, and t • Removed a bug introduced in 6.0.44 whereby an MFCC's maximum frequency could be ignored. • Pitch: Tabulate candidates. • SoundSet. - +)~~~" R"~~~( ##6.0.48# (17 February 2019) • Removed a bug introduced in 6.0.44 whereby Praat could crash when drawing a function without any points. • Removed a bug whereby Praat would not start up on macOS 10.10 (because of required GPU libraries). @@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ then dragged the mouse out of that window, then released the mouse button, and t ##6.0.10# (8 January 2016) • Corrected a bug that would cause Praat to crash when starting an ExperimentMFC window. • Mac 64-bit: corrected a bug that would cause black selections in the Sound window. -)~~~" R"~~~( + ##6.0.09# (1 January 2016) • Windows 64-bit: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when closing the Sound window after popping up dialog boxes. @@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ the column index was larger than the number of rows. • Manipulation: repaired a bug that could cause Praat to crash when playing a manipulation of a Sound created by the @SpeechSynthesizer. ##5.3.83# (16 August 2014) -• TextGrid window: repaired a bug with automatic alignment that could cause an analysis tier to go out of order. +• TextGrid window: repaired a bug with automatic alignment that could cause an analysis tier to go out of order.)~~~" R"~~~( • Linux audio: created a second workaround that reduces even more the chances of a freeze that is due to a potential deadlock in the collaboration between Alsa and PulseAudio that can occur when the playback of a sound is cancelled. • Smoother communication with Phon. @@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ the column index was larger than the number of rows. • Phonetic symbols \ts, \tS and \ap. • Network: ##Normalize weights...#, ##List weights...#, ##Weights down to Table...#. -##5.3.42# (2 March 2013))~~~" R"~~~( +##5.3.42# (2 March 2013) • Repaired some minor bugs regarding synchronization between multiple windows. ##5.3.41# (9 February 2013) @@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ and many more; also \_u (\bs\_ u). See @@Phonetic symbols: diacritics@. ##5.2.35# (5 August 2011) • Corrected the menus of the Sound and TextGrid windows. -##5.2.34# (3 August 2011) +##5.2.34# (3 August 2011))~~~" R"~~~( • @@Insert picture from file...@ now works on Windows (as well as on the Mac). • Corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when playing a LongSound. @@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ if the selection ran from the penultimate interval to the end of the TextGrid. ##5.1.39# (10 July 2010) • GTK beta version. • Linux: made @@Record Sound (fixed time)...|Sound: Record (fixed time)...@ work correctly (the sampling frequency was wrong). -• GTK: list of objects: multiple selection, working Rename button.)~~~" R"~~~( +• GTK: list of objects: multiple selection, working Rename button. • GTK: running a script no longer deselects all objects at the start. • GTK: working Buttons editor. • GTK: correctly laid out settings windows. @@ -1768,7 +1768,7 @@ if the selection ran from the penultimate interval to the end of the TextGrid. • Articulatory synthesis: corrected a bug that could cause Praat to crash when copying Artwords. • Macintosh: corrected a bug that could cause poor text alignment in picture. -##5.1.02# (9 March 2009) +##5.1.02# (9 March 2009))~~~" R"~~~( • Allow pause forms without fields. • The value “undefined” is disallowed from all fields in command windows except ##Table: Set numeric value...# and @@TableOfReal: Set value...@. @@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ if the names of these files or their directory paths contained non-ASCII charact © Paul Boersma 2007 ##5.0# (10 December 2007) -• Corrected many bugs.)~~~" R"~~~( +• Corrected many bugs. • Display font sizes in points rather than pixels. ##4.6.41# (9 December 2007) @@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@ if the names of these files or their directory paths contained non-ASCII charact • @@Table: Formula (column range)...@ • OT learning: OTGrammar window shows harmonies. -##4.5.24# (27 April 2007) +##4.5.24# (27 April 2007))~~~" R"~~~( • OT learning: added decision strategy MaximumEntropy; this has the same harmony determination method as Harmonic Grammar (include the additive constraint noise), but there is some more variability, in that every candidate gets a relative probability of exp(harmony). @@ -2324,7 +2324,7 @@ for a selected combination of independent variables. • @@Table: Report mean (Student t)...|Table: Report mean...@. • Formulas: @@Formulas 8. Attributes of objects|`row$` and `col$` attributes@. • Warning when trying to read data files whose format is newer than the Praat version. -)~~~" R"~~~( + ##4.4.16# (1 April 2006) • Spectrum window: dynamic range setting. • SoundRecorder: corrected a bug in the Intel Mac edition. @@ -2542,7 +2542,7 @@ Praat 4.3, 26 January 2005 • PitchTier: To Sound (sine). • Better warnings against use of the LPC object. -Voice: +Voice:)~~~" R"~~~( • July 9, 2004 (4.2.08): Shimmer measurements: more accurate and less sensitive to additive noise. • More extensive voice report: pitch statistics; harmonicity. @@ -2723,7 +2723,7 @@ Phonology library: Graphics: • Improved spectrogram drawing. • @@Special symbols@: háček. -• Macintosh: improved screen rendition of rotated text.)~~~" R"~~~( +• Macintosh: improved screen rendition of rotated text. Audio: • Macintosh: support for multiple audio input devices (sound cards). @@ -2908,7 +2908,7 @@ Labelling • ##TextTier: To TableOfReal...#. Numerics and statistics library -• @@Multidimensional scaling@ (Kruskal, INDSCAL, etc). +• @@Multidimensional scaling@ (Kruskal, INDSCAL, etc).)~~~" R"~~~( • @TableOfReal: @@TableOfReal: ||Set value...@, @@Formula...@, ##Remove column...#, ##Insert column...#, ##Draw as squares...#, ##To Matrix#.