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SIWECOS Documentation

This documentation describes the two modules "HTTP Secure Header Scanner" and "DOMXSS-Scanner".

Startup using Docker

docker run --rm --name siwecos-hshs-domxss-scanner -p 8000:2015 siwecos/hshs-domxss-scanner

HTTP Secure Header Scanner

This module scans the HTTP header of a specific URL and returns a report that can be used to improve the configuration for a better security.

API-Call

Send a POST-Request to http://localhost/api/v1/header:

POST /api/v1/header HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8000
Content-Type: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache


{
  "url": "https://siwecos.de",
  "callbackurls": [
    "http://localhost:9002"
  ]
}

The parameters url and callbackurls are required:

  • url must be a string.
  • callbackurls must be an array with only contains one or more strings.

Sample output

{
  "name": "HEADER",
  "hasError": false,
  "errorMessage": null,
  "score": 66,
  "tests": [
    {
      "name": "CONTENT_SECURITY_POLICY",
      "hasError": true,
      "errorMessage": "HEADER_NOT_SET",
      "score": 0,
      "scoreType": "warning",
      "testDetails": []
    },
    {
      "name": "CONTENT_TYPE",
      "hasError": false,
      "errorMessage": null,
      "score": 100,
      "scoreType": "warning",
      "testDetails": [
        {
          "placeholder": "META",
          "values": ["<meta charset=\"UTF-8\" \\/>"]
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "CT_META_TAG_SET_CORRECT"
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "HEADER",
          "values": ["text\\/html; charset=UTF-8"]
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "CT_CORRECT"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "PUBLIC_KEY_PINS",
      "hasError": true,
      "errorMessage": "HEADER_NOT_SET",
      "score": 0,
      "scoreType": "info",
      "testDetails": []
    },
    {
      "name": "STRICT_TRANSPORT_SECURITY",
      "hasError": true,
      "errorMessage": "HEADER_NOT_SET",
      "score": 0,
      "scoreType": "warning",
      "testDetails": []
    },
    {
      "name": "X_CONTENT_TYPE_OPTIONS",
      "hasError": false,
      "errorMessage": null,
      "score": 100,
      "scoreType": "warning",
      "testDetails": [
        {
          "placeholder": "HEADER",
          "values": ["nosniff"]
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "XCTO_CORRECT"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "X_FRAME_OPTIONS",
      "hasError": false,
      "errorMessage": null,
      "score": 100,
      "scoreType": "warning",
      "testDetails": [
        {
          "placeholder": "HEADER",
          "values": ["SAMEORIGIN"]
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "XFO_CORRECT"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "X_XSS_PROTECTION",
      "hasError": false,
      "errorMessage": null,
      "score": 100,
      "scoreType": "warning",
      "testDetails": [
        {
          "placeholder": "HEADER",
          "values": ["1; mode=block"]
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "XXSS_CORRECT"
        },
        {
          "placeholder": "XXSS_BLOCK"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Scanned headers and descriptions

Content-Type (Content-Type)

Description

When a server sends a document to a user agent (eg. a browser) it also sends information in the Content-Type field of the accompanying HTTP header about what type of data format this is. This information is expressed using a MIME type label. Documents transmitted with HTTP that are of type text, such as text/html, text/plain, etc., can send a charset parameter in the HTTP header to specify the character encoding of the document.

Best-Practice

text/html; charset=utf-8;

Impact and Feasibility (10/10)

A correct header with the setted charset prevents different XSS attacks that use other charsets than the original webpage so they can bypass XSS prevention.

It's easy and harmless to set the correct charset without affecting the sites content.

Content-Security-Policy (Content-Security-Policy)

Description

Content Security Policy (CSP) requires careful tuning and precise definition of the policy. If enabled, CSP has significant impact on the way browser renders pages (e.g., inline JavaScript disabled by default and must be explicitly allowed in policy). CSP prevents a wide range of attacks, including Cross-site scripting and other cross-site injections.

Best-Practice

Best Practice is to use the CSP with default-src 'none' and without any unsafe-eval or unsafe-inline directives.

Impact and Feasibility (7/10)

The Content-Security-Policy can prevent a wide range of attacks that infiltrate external content and code. With the correct setting it's a powerful method to increase the sites security.

On the other hand it's often not possible to set a secure CSP header without modifying the website's source code.

Impact-Rating: 10/10 | Feasibility: 5/10

Public-Key-Pins (Public-Key-Pins)

Description

HTTP Public Key Pinning (HPKP) is a security mechanism which allows HTTPS websites to resist impersonation by attackers using mis-issued or otherwise fraudulent certificates. (For example, sometimes attackers can compromise certificate authorities, and then can mis-issue certificates for a web origin.).

Best-Practice

Do not use this. // pin-sha256="<HASH>"; pin-sha256="<HASH>"; max-age=2592000; includeSubDomains

Impact and Feasibility (3/10)

For small and medium-sized enterprises as is the target group of SIWECOS this header is a 'nice to have' but not a absolutely must.

If this header is misconfigured your website would not be available for the users until the correct certificates are used or max-age is reached.

Strict-Transport-Security (Strict-Transport-Security)

Description

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a web security policy mechanism which helps to protect websites against protocol downgrade attacks and cookie hijacking. It allows web servers to declare that web browsers (or other complying user agents) should only interact with it using secure HTTPS connections, and never via the insecure HTTP protocol.

Best-Practice

max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains

Impact and Feasibility (10/10)

This is a must-have header for every webpage and easy and harmless to integrate. The header guaranteed that the traffic between the server and client has to be encrypted to communicate.

X-Content-Type-Options (X-Content-Type-Options)

Description

Setting this header will prevent the browser from interpreting files as something else than declared by the content type in the HTTP headers.

Best-Practice

nosniff

Impact and Feasibility (6/10)

Easy to implement and no further adjustments on the website are needed. Only effects Internet Explorer.

X-Frame-Options (X-Frame-Options)

Description

X-Frame-Options response header improve the protection of web applications against Clickjacking. It declares a policy communicated from a host to the client browser on whether the browser must not display the transmitted content in frames of other web pages.

Best-Practice

Best Practice is to set this header accordingly to your needs.

Do not use allow-from: *. Do not use any wildcards.

Impact and Feasibility (9/10)

Prevents Clickjacking attacks.

Easy to implement and no further adjustments on the website are needed.

X-Xss-Protection (X-Xss-Protection)

Description

This header enables the Cross-site scripting (XSS) filter in the browser.

Best-Practice

1; mode=block

Impact and Feasibility (9/10)

Prevents reflected XSS attacks.

Easy to implement and no further adjustments on the website are needed.

DOMXSS-Scanner

This module scans the given URL and checks for DOMXSS sinks and sources.

API-Call

Send a POST-Request to http://localhost/api/v1/domxss:

POST /api/v1/domxss HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8000
Content-Type: application/json
Cache-Control: no-cache

{
  "url": "https://siwecos.de",
  "callbackurls": [
    "http://localhost:9002"
  ]
}

The parameters url and callbackurls are required:

  • url must be a string.
  • callbackurls must be an array with only contains one or more strings.

Sample output

{
  "name": "DOMXSS",
  "hasError": false,
  "errorMessage": null,
  "score": 50,
  "tests": [
    {
      "name": "SOURCES",
      "hasError": false,
      "errorMessage": null,
      "score": 100,
      "scoreType": "info",
      "testDetails": [
        {
          "placeholder": "NO_SOURCES_FOUND",
          "values": []
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "SINKS",
      "hasError": false,
      "errorMessage": null,
      "score": 0,
      "scoreType": "info",
      "testDetails": [
        {
          "placeholder": "SINKS_FOUND",
          "values": {
            "AMOUNT": 11
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Scanned tasks and descriptions

Sources (SOURCES)

Description

A source is an input that could be controlled by an external (untrusted) source.

https://github.com/wisec/domxsswiki/wiki/Glossary

Impact (1/10)

The scan's result can only be used as an indication if there might be security vulnerabilities. Further advanced tests would be needed to confirm if there are vulnerabilities on the site or not.

Sinks (SINKS)

Description

A sink is a potentially dangerous method that could lead to a vulnerability. In this case a DOM Based XSS.

https://github.com/wisec/domxsswiki/wiki/Glossary

Impact (2/10)

The scan's result can only be used as an indication if there might be security vulnerabilities. Further advanced tests would be needed to confirm if there are vulnerabilities on the site or not.

Scanner Interface Values

HSHS-Scanner

Placeholder Message
GENERAL
HEADER_NOT_SET The header is not set.
HEADER_SET_MULTIPLE_TIMES The header is set multiple times.
HEADER_ENCODING_ERROR The header is not correctly encoded.
INVALID_HEADER The following header is not valid: :HEADER
INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS includeSubDomains is set.
MAX_AGE_ERROR An error occured while checking max-age.
NO_HTTP_RESPONSE No HTTP-Response for the given URL.
CONTENT-SECURITY-POLICY
CSP_CORRECT The header is unsafe- free and includes default-src 'none'.
CSP_DEFAULT_SRC_MISSING The default-src directive is missing.
CSP_LEGACY_HEADER_SET The legacy header :HEADER is set. The new and standardized header is Content-Security-Policy.
CSP_NO_UNSAFE_INCLUDED The header is free of any unsafe- directives.
CSP_UNSAFE_INCLUDED The header contains unsafe-inline or unsafe-eval directives.
CONTENT-TYPE
CT_CORRECT The header is set with the charset and follows the best practice.
CT_HEADER_WITH_CHARSET The header is set with the charset.
CT_HEADER_WITHOUT_CHARSET The header is set without the charset.
CT_META_TAG_SET A meta tag is set with a charset.
CT_META_TAG_SET_CORRECT A meta tag is set with a charset and follows the best practice.
CT_WRONG_CHARSET The given charset is wrong and thereby ineffective.
PUBLIC-KEY-PINS
HPKP_LESS_15 The keys are pinned for less than 15 days.
HPKP_MORE_15 The keys are pinned for more than 15 days.
HPKP_REPORT_URI A report-uri is set.
REFERRER-POLICY
DIRECTIVE_SET The directive :DIRECTIVE is set.
EMPTY_DIRECTIVE The directive is explicitly set as empty.
WRONG_DIRECTIVE_SET A wrong or unknown directive is set.
SET-COOKIE
SECURE_FLAG_SET The secure flag is set.
NO_SECURE_FLAG_SET The secure flag is not set.
HTTPONLY_FLAG_SET The httpOnly flag is set.
NO_HTTPONLY_FLAG_SET The httpOnly flag is not set.
STRICT-TRANSPORT-SECURITY
HSTS_LESS_6 The value for max-age is smaller than 6 months.
HSTS_MORE_6 The value for max-age is greater than 6 months.
HSTS_PRELOAD preload is set.
X-CONTENT-TYPE-OPTIONS
XCTO_CORRECT The header is set correctly.
XCTO_NOT_CORRECT The header is not set correctly.
X-FRAME-OPTIONS
XFO_CORRECT The header is set and does not contain any wildcard.
XFO_WILDCARDS The header contains wildcards and is thereby useless.
X-XSS-PROTECTION
XXSS_CORRECT The header is set correctly.
XXSS_BLOCK mode=block is activated.

DOMXSS-Scanner

Placeholder Message
GENERAL
NO_HTTP_RESPONSE No HTTP-Response for the given URL.
NO_CONTENT The site was empty and there was nothing to scan for.
NO_SCRIPT_TAGS The scanner found no script tags to rate.
SINKS
NO_SINKS_FOUND The scanner found no sinks.
SINKS_FOUND The scanner found some sinks.
SOURCES
NO_SOURCES_FOUND The scanner found no sources.
SOURCES_FOUND The scanner found some sources.