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ubuntu-commands

List of all commands used in terminal

File and Directory Management

  • ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
  • cd: Changes the current directory.
  • pwd: Prints the current working directory.
  • mkdir: Creates a new directory.
  • rmdir: Removes an empty directory.
  • rm: Removes files or directories.
  • cp: Copies files or directories.
  • mv: Moves or renames files or directories.
  • touch: Creates an empty file or updates the timestamp of an existing file.
  • find: Searches for files and directories.
  • locate: Finds files by name.

File Viewing and Editing

  • cat: Concatenates and displays file content.
  • less: Views file content one screen at a time.
  • more: Views file content one screen at a time (less advanced than less).
  • head: Displays the first few lines of a file.
  • tail: Displays the last few lines of a file.
  • nano: Simple text editor.
  • vim: Advanced text editor.
  • gedit: Graphical text editor.

File Compression and Archiving

  • tar: Archives files (e.g., tar -cvf archive.tar directory).
  • gzip: Compresses files.
  • gunzip: Decompresses files.
  • zip: Compresses files into a ZIP archive.
  • unzip: Extracts files from a ZIP archive.

System Information and Management

  • uname: Displays system information.
  • top: Displays running processes.
  • htop: Interactive process viewer (more advanced than top).
  • ps: Displays a snapshot of current processes.
  • df: Displays disk space usage.
  • du: Displays directory space usage.
  • free: Displays memory usage.
  • uptime: Shows how long the system has been running.
  • who: Shows who is logged into the system.

User Management

  • adduser: Adds a new user.
  • deluser: Deletes a user.
  • passwd: Changes a user's password.
  • usermod: Modifies user account information.
  • groupadd: Adds a new group.
  • groupdel: Deletes a group.
  • groups: Shows the groups a user is a member of.

Package Management

  • apt update: Updates the package list.
  • apt upgrade: Upgrades all installed packages to their latest versions.
  • apt install: Installs a package.
  • apt remove: Removes a package.
  • apt purge: Removes a package and its configuration files.
  • apt autoremove: Removes unnecessary packages.

Networking

  • ifconfig: Displays network interfaces (deprecated, use ip).
  • ip: Manages network interfaces and routing.
  • ping: Tests connectivity to a host.
  • netstat: Displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics (deprecated, use ss).
  • ss: Displays socket statistics.
  • wget: Downloads files from the web.
  • curl: Transfers data from or to a server.

Permissions and Ownership

  • chmod: Changes file permissions.
  • chown: Changes file owner and group.
  • chgrp: Changes group ownership of a file.

Disk Management

  • mount: Mounts a filesystem.
  • umount: Unmounts a filesystem.
  • fdisk: Disk partitioning tool.
  • mkfs: Creates a filesystem on a device.
  • fsck: Checks and repairs a filesystem.

Search and Filter

  • grep: Searches text using patterns.
  • awk: Pattern scanning and processing language.
  • sed: Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.
  • sort: Sorts lines of text files.
  • uniq: Reports or filters out repeated lines in a file.

System Monitoring and Performance

  • dmesg: Prints kernel and boot messages.
  • vmstat: Reports virtual memory statistics.
  • iostat: Reports CPU and I/O statistics.
  • sar: Collects, reports, or saves system activity information.

Miscellaneous

  • echo: Displays a line of text.
  • date: Displays or sets the system date and time.
  • cal: Displays a calendar.
  • history: Displays the command history.
  • alias: Creates an alias for a command.
  • kill: Sends a signal to a process.
  • xkill: Forces a window to close.